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1、Reading Comprehension,课改下的高考，主要考查考生的语言运用能力，即使用英语进行交际的能力。交际能力主要包括口头交际和书面交际，即听说读写，其中以篇章为载体，考查考生的读写能力是高考试题中的主要内容。阅读理解考查的要求是：文章的主旨大意(main idea)文章的具体细节(specific details)文章的篇章结构(passage structure)猜测生词的词义(word meanings)作者的观点态度(attitudes/opinions)简单的推理判断(judgments and inference),Reading Comprehension,How to
2、 get the main idea?,主旨归纳题,Question forms:,Usual types:main idea;topic/best title;purpose,Common sentence patterns大意类：The main idea of the passage is.What is the passage mainly about?标题类：Whats the best title/headline for the passage?The best title for the passage might be.作者意图类：Whats the writers purp
3、ose in writing the passage？The authors purpose of writing this passage is,Please keep in mind,Practice makes perfect!,Have a try!Guess the main idea of each passage quickly!,Passage1 Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious.The world population is rising so quickly that the
4、world has become too crowded.We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.If we continue to do this,human life on earth will not survive.(30seconds)The main idea of this passage is _A.serious environment problemB.hum
5、an life on earth will not surviveC.natural resources is running outD.dangerous chemicals,Passage2A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate,compared with that of a wild animal,but it is actually surprisingly strong.In deed,its very softness and looseness is an advantage;it makes man good at
6、 moving about movement of all living things of his own size,because he can do so many different things with his limbs.Mans games show how he can control his own body.No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man;more has such varied grace;very few lives as long as he;none is so strong in its
7、natural resistance to disease.Therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him.（1minute）What is the topic sentence?,Passage3 If you were planning to buy a television set,the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention:“Color TV
8、.Only$79.Two days sale.Hurry.”However,when you go to the store ready to buy,you may discover that they are sold out.But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model.A much better set which is“just right for you”It costs$395.This sales method is called“bait and switch”.Buyers are
9、 baited with a sales advertisement,and then they are switched to another more expensive one.(1.5minute)The paragraph could be entitled _.A.Buying A TV Set B.A Selling Method C.Buyer Be Ware D.TV Set on Sale,This sales method is called“bait and switch”.,passage4Success is often measured by the abilit
10、y to overcome adversity.But,it is often the belief of others that gives us the courage to try.J.K.Rowling,author of the Harry Potter book series,began writing at age 6.In her biography,.became the first person to encourage her and help build the confidence that one day she would be a very good write
11、r.Now with seven books that have sold nearly 400 million copies in 64 languages,J.K.Rowling is the highest earning novelist in history.And it all began with her commitment to writing that was fostered by the confidence of a friend!The text mainly tells us.A.hardship makes a good novelistB.the courag
12、e to try is a special abilityC.you can have a wonderful idea everywhereD.encouragement contributes to ones success,detail,Passage 5Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He trans-ferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvar
13、d Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal back-ground.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.(2minute)The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A.Tom had studied at Paris and moved to another university.B.Tom became a lawyer after his graduation from C
14、ollege.C.Tom was an excellent student at Berlin university.D.Tom received an excellent education.,detail,detail,Types of Paragraph Structures,At the beginning,At the end,In the middle,No clear topic sentence,for example,so,therefore,What should we pay attention to?,One swallow does not make a summer
15、.2.Transitional expressions:but,yet,however,although,in spite of,by contrast,on the contrary,How to tell the wrong choices?,1、以偏概全，故意片面地理解文章，把文章中出现过的某一个观点当成整篇文章的主题。2、放大或缩小文章的主题，把文章的主题进行放大或者缩小。3、偷换概念，把文章主题换成相关但不同的主题。,Common question patterns:1.The underlined word is closest in meaning to the word?(20
16、11广东等)2.We can learn from the underlined part that(06辽宁)3.The underlined word”it”in paragraph refers to(2011 湖南、福建等）4.By saying,the author means to say that(2011 浙江）5.The underlined sentence in paragraph implies(2011江西、天津等）,How do we guess the meanings of new words in context?,例1.The herdsman,who lo
17、oks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.2.It will be very hard but also very brittle that is,it will break easily.A easily broken B hot inside C very hard D expensive,牧羊人,that is,Rule1:to use _,definition/explanation,Signal words:,is,is called,be defined as,like,the same as,refer to,such,such as
18、,like,for example/instance,especially,include,Guess the meaning,Rule2:to use_,例1.Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health.They also regard drinking as harmful.2.Most women in Ghana-the educated and illiterate,the urban and rural,the young and old-work to earn an income i
19、n addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.,harmful,also,harmful,not educated,1.coordination(并列),Signal words:,and,or,also,that is to say,in other words,and,guess the meaning,例3.There are charges for prescription and dental care but many people,such as children,pregnant women,pe
20、nsioners,and those on Income Support,are exempt from payment.What does the underlined word“exempt”probably mean?A.suffering B.different C.prevented D.free,but,charges for,parison or contrast,Rule2:to use_,4.She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first clas
21、s.,Signal words:,but,however,yet,or,otherwise,while,though,on one handon the other hand,rather than,instead of,punctual,Rule2:to use_,logical relationships,例5.Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.6.The teacher did not hear the knock at the doorbecause he was completely e
22、ngrossed in his reading.,smart/sharp,such,that,Signal words:,absorbed/devoted,3.cause and effect,because,since,as,for,so,therefore,sothat,suchthat,thus,Guess the meaning of the underlined word.,Rule3:to use _,(2010江苏A)Some family names were made by adding something to the fathers name.English-speaki
23、ng people added s or son.The Johnsons are descendants of John;the Roberts familys ancestor was Robert.,A.later generations B.friends and relativesC.colleagues and partners D.later sponsors,2)European countries,for the present,are deeply mired in economic troubles.It is reported that their economic f
24、uture looks uncertain and dark.A.trapped B.absorbed C.engaged D.interested,context,Rule 4:to use _,(1)When he reached the place with his army,he found an impassable river in front of him.,incapable of being passed,(2)He fell into a ditch and lay there,semiconscious,for a few minutes.,partially consc
25、ious,word formation,Rule 5:to use common sense and experience,1)The sound of water gently lapping against the side of the boat during the silent night was very pleasant.,tapping拍打,2)Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.Th
26、e phrase“mopping up”in the paragraph means_.A.cleaning up B.taking in C.wiping out D.giving out,Summary,Rule 1:to use _/explanationRule 2:to use _ relationshipsRule 3:to use _Rule 4:to use word _Rule 5:to use _ _/experience,definition,logical,common,sense,formation,context,consolidation,1.Clogged bl
27、ood vessels can be cleaned out,and broken ones mended or replaced.What is the meaning of the underlined word“Clogged”?Broken B.Blocked C.Removed D.Repaired,2.The low test score,they think,will make it impossible for them to get into a good college.And without a degree from a prestigious university,t
28、hey fear that many of lifes doors will remain forever closed.,good,3.Years of rapid economic growth has taken a toll on Chinas environment,with Beijing trying to remove some of the damage now.It has an annual growth target of 7percent for the next five years,well down from last years10 percent.The u
29、nderlined phrases“take a toll on”in the sixth paragraph means_.A.look forward to B.paid attention to C.caused damage to D.attached importance to,4.Collinsdecided that she must go,although the hazards of the trip were many,for example,the unbearable heat,the possibility of getting lost,danger,5.On the farm they mainly raise poultry chickens,ducks and geese,both for their eggs and their meat.,家禽,Thank you for joining us!Bye-bye!,
