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1、反身代词典型用法例举反身代词典型用法例举 反身代词在中学英语中的用法极其灵活，搭配频频出现，为帮助同学们复习和积累，特将中学英语中出现的反身代词用法归纳如下： 1 用以加强语气，表示亲自。 If one wants knowledge of a skill, one must take part in it oneself. He went there himself the day before yesterday. 2. 与典型介词搭配，构成固定短语，表达特定含义。 1) (all) by oneself 单独地 When I was young, I had to make a livi
2、ng all by myself. Would you go there by yourself? 2) to oneself 独自享用 When he eats in a restaurant, he likes a table to himself. 3) for oneself 为自己；独自 One shouldnt live for himself alone. You must find it out for yourself. 4) of oneself自动地 The door opened of itself. 5) between ourselves私下里 Just betwe
3、en ourselves, I dont think much of him. 6) in oneself本身 The materials in themselves were not poisonous. 7) beside oneself喜怒时发狂 She was beside herself with joy. 8) by itself自然地 The machine will start by itself in a few seconds. 3. 与典型动词搭配，构成固定短语。 1) be not oneself身体不好 Im not quite myself today.(Im un
4、well.) 2) enjoy oneself玩得很痛快 3) help oneself to sth. 随便吃 Please help yourself to some fish. 4) teach oneself sth.自学 When he was young, he taught himself advanced mathematics. 5) accustom oneself to 习惯于 He quickly accustomed himself to this new way of life. 6) devote oneself to致力于 I am determined to
5、devote myself to the cause of education. 7) adapt oneself to适应 第 1 页 共 6 页 She quickly adapted herself to the new climate. 8) adjust oneself to调整；适应 The body quickly adjusts itself to changes in temperature. 9) behave oneself举止得体 Please behave yourselves. 10) dress oneself穿衣服 He is too young to dres
6、s himself. 11) seat oneself就坐 He seated himself in the chair and began to read the novel. 12) make oneself heard / understood / seen / known / believed让自己被听见/听懂/看见/认识/相信 He raised his voice to make himself heard by all. 13) find oneself无意识中发现自己 At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with tre
7、es providing shade and sat down to eat our picnic lunch. 14) express oneself清楚表达自己的意思 He is still unable to express himself in English. 15) talk to oneself自言自语 16) come to oneself 苏醒 反身代词练习 一；用适当的代词填空。 1.Is that car yours? Yes, it is _. 2.How is Mr Li? _is fine, thanks. 3.Put on_ hat! I am going to
8、put it on. 4.Who is that over here? It is_. 5.The old man lives by _. 6.I am sure I can do it all by _. 7.Look,is this room beautiful? I painted it _. 8.Id like to go for a walk. _ too. 9.What are _jobs? They are students. 10.We think to _. 11.Mary is old enough to take care of _. 12.It is perfume,
9、I made it _. 13.Look at _. She is very well. 第 2 页 共 6 页 14.Can you carry this box upstairs by _. 15.You and she did very well in the test. The teacher said that he would praise _ and_. 16.The story _was very good, but you are did not tell it well. 17.Give Jane this watch. Give_ this one too. 18.Sar
10、a is not pleased with _in this English test. 19.Did you enjoy _at the party yesterday? 20.She wants to buy a car of _own. 二：选择填空. 1. Mr. More has more money than Mr. Little . But he doesnt enjoy _. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 2. Lily was 9 years old. _ was old enough to go to school _. A. She , s
11、he B. She , herself C. Her, herself D. Her. she 3. Jims watch is much newer than _. A. hers B.she C. her D. herself 4.Would you like _for super? A: something Chinese B：Chinese something C: anything Chinese D: Chinese anything 5._ piano is too old ,but she still liked playing it. A. She B. Shes C. He
12、rs D. Her 6.Who taught you English last year? Nobody taught me . I taught _. A. me B. myself C. mine D. I 7.That bike is _? Ahe B. him C. his D. it 8. We bought _ a present, but _ didn”t like it. A. they, them B. them , they C 独立主格结构 一、 独立主格结构的含义和实质 “独立主格结构”又叫“独立结构”，是带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句。由于在语法上有自己的逻
13、辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系，因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。第 3 页 共 6 页 其实，所谓“独立主格结构”并非真正独立，它还是一种从属分句，与主句紧密联系在一起，共同表达一个完整的意思，通常在句中起状语分句的作用。独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。 二、 独立主格结构的基本形式和功能 独立主格结构可以分为两部分：一部分是名词或代词，起逻辑主语的作用；另一部分是非谓语动词分句或无动词分句，表示前面名词或代词的动作或状态。 基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语，with引导的复合结构。 1 名词/代词+ 现在分词 现在分
14、词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。 例 The man lay there, his hands trembling. So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off. His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep. 注：“独立结构”中的being或 having been 有时可以省去，这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。 2 名词/代词+过去分词 过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。 例 The boy lay on his ba
15、ck, his hands crossed under his head. The job not finished, we couldnt see the film. Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move. 后面两个句子也可以看成省略掉了having been，being。如果加上，这两个句子就又变成了现在分词分句。 3 名词/代词+不定式 不定式表示的是将来的动作。 例He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. These are the first two b
16、ooks， the third one to come out next month. We shall get together at 7:30, the procession to start moving at 8 sharp. 4. 名词/代词+名词 名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。 例 Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children. He fought the tiger，a stick his only weapon. 5 名词/代词+形容词短语 形容词说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。 例T
17、he floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while. I heard that she got injured in the accident， my heart full of sorry. 这两个句子也可以看成是省略了being,如果加上，就变成了现在分词分句。 6 名词/代词+副词 副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。 例 The meeting over, we all went home. Nobody in, he left a message on the board. He sat at the table, h
18、ead down. 7. 名词/代词+介词短语 介词短语说明伴随前面名词或代词的方式或者状态。 例 The teacher came in, a book under his arm. The hunter entered the forest， gun in hand 第 4 页 共 6 页 Nobody at home, the thief took a lot of things away. 8 with引导的复合结构, 也可以认为是一种独立主格结构 例 A woman got on the bus with a baby around her arms. The teacher cam
19、e in with several students following behind. With a lot of things to deal with, he will have a difficult time. With the work done, he went out to eat. He left the office with the lights on. Mary rushed out of the house with the door open. 三、 学习独立主格结构应注意的一些问题 1 独立主格结构中分句和主句的主语不一致 从以上例子我们可以看出，含有独立主格结构
20、的句子，前后主语是不一致的，这也是独立主格结构和非谓语分句作状语的最重要区别。 例 (1) Hearing the news, he was very excited. (2) Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. 在这两个句子里，第一个句子，前后的主语是一致的，都是he, 也就是说动词hear的动作发出者是主语he , 因此它是一个现在分词短语作状语表示原因的句子；而第二个句子，我们可以发现，有两个主语，第一个是动词come 的逻辑主语winter, 而第二个主语是句子真正的主语it，非谓语动词coming 和it 之间没有任何关系，因此它是一个
21、独立主格结构。 2 在独立主格结构中，动词是用现在分词还是过去分词 一般来说如果逻辑主语和动词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词。如：Time permitting, we will go out to play.一句中，time 和 permit 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系 “时间允许”，因此用现在分词。 如果逻辑主语和动词之间是动宾关系，并且有被动的意思，用过去分词。如：“More time given,we should have done it better. ”一句中，time 和give 之间的关系是动宾关系，有被动的意思-“如果被给更多时间”，因此用过去分词。 3 独立主格结构相当于一个状语
22、从句 独立主格结构不是一个句子，而是相当于一个状语从句,可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式和伴随情况等。 例 Work done, John went home.相当于一个表示时间的状语从句：When the work has been done, John went home. 例There being no buses, we had to walk home.相当于一个表示原因的状语从句：Because there are no buses, we had to walk home. 4 完成时态的运用 在独立主格结构中如果强调分词的时间发生在主句动作时间之前，常用现在分词的完成时态havi
23、ng done， 根据情况确定是用主动还是被动。 例The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. His wallet having been stolen, he didnt know what to do next. 1 The weather_fine, they decided to go out for a walk. A. were B. was C. is D. being 2.The composition given by the teacher_ , Alice went to watch TV. A. being done
24、well B. has been done well C. having done well D. done well 3. The last plane_ , they had to stay in the hotel for another night. A. left B. having left C. having been left D. be leaving 第 5 页 共 6 页 4. It is a beautiful village with a mountain_ it. A. Surrounded B. surrounding C. having surrounded D
25、. having been surrounded 5. Everything_ into consideration, his work is well done. A. taking B. taken C. has been taken D. being taken 6. All his work_, he left his office at ease. A. finished B. had been finished C. finishing D. to finish 7 The power station was built on the river with our village
26、and some others_ with electricity. A. to supply B. supplied C. supplying D. having supplied 8. _five minutes_ before the last train left,we arrived atthe station. A. There being; to go B. It was; left C. It had; left D. There was; to go 9. Christmas_, the family was full of excitement. A. was then o
27、nly days away B. were then only days away C. then only days away D. having been then only days away 10. They first reach an agreement on the basic principle, the details_later. A. to work it out B. having been worked out C. to be worked out D. being worked out 11. The purse_, they went to the police
28、. A. not yet found B. hast been found C. being not found D. not having yet found 12. They sat in the room with the curtains_. A. drawing B. having been drawn C. drawn D. being drawn 13. Cars_, they were punished by the police. A. parking illegally B. parked illegally C. being parked illegally D. hav
29、ing parked illegally 14. Mr. Smith stood beside the window, his attention _ the car outside. A. focus on B. focusing upon C. focused on D. been focused on 15. There_, we left. A. being nothing else to do B. is nothing else to do C. was nothing else to do D. having nothing else to do key 1-5 DDBBB6-10 ABACC 11-15 ACBCA 第 6 页 共 6 页
