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1、Wireless Food Ordering System Based on Web ServiceAbstractCurrent wireless communications enable people to easily exchange information, while web services provide loosely-coupled and platform-independent ways of linking applications across the Internet or Intranet. This paper presents an integration
2、 of wireless communication technologies and web services technologies to realize a wireless food ordering system. In this system, it implements wired and wireless data access to the servers and food ordering functions through both desktop PCs and mobile devices such as PDAs over a wired/wireless int
3、egrated local area network. To sure the security of the system, the secure web service architecture and some security strategies to ensure mobile communication security are discussed. Web services-based wireless applications on mobile devices provide a means of convenience, improving efficiency and
4、accuracy for restaurants by saving time, reducing human errors, etc.Keywords Web Services; Wireless; Food Ordering System; securityI. I NTRODUCTIONThe rapid developments in information technology, particularly in wireless communication and web services technologies, are greatly changing the way peop
5、le access and work with information. The convenience and powerful functionality offered by mobile devices such as PDAs, has encouraged many people to investigate the benefits of using them. Wireless and handheld devices abound as vendors pitch the common themes of one-to-one computing, instant commu
6、nication and anytime, anywhere information access. While web services provide a technology for service-oriented computing. Web services allow programs written in different languages on different platforms to communicate with each other in a standard way . By integrating these technologies, consisten
7、t business models can be implemented on a broad array of devices: not just on mobile devices operating over mobile networks, but also on servers and PCs connected to the Internet. The food ordering process in restaurants requires the coordination of simple tasks. Instruction flows mainly from custom
8、ers to waiters then to kitchen and/or the bar staff, finally to the cashier . In a medium to large and busy restaurant this coordination is a challenge and requires an efficient ordering system. Errors in ordering processes lead to incorrect or out of sequence meal preparation or non-consumable and
9、results in added cost to the business.This paper presents an integration of wireless communication technologies and web services technologies to realize a wireless food ordering system. In this system, it implements wired and wireless data access to the servers and food ordering functions through bo
10、th desktop PCs and mobile devices such as PDAs over a wired/wireless integrated local area network. The system is based on secure web service architecture and some security strategies to ensure mobile communication security are adopted. Web services-based wireless applications on mobile devices prov
11、ide a means of convenience, improving efficiency and accuracy. II. W IRELESS LAN AND W EB SERVICESA. Wireless LAN A wireless LAN (WLAN, Wireless Local Area Network) is a flexible data communication system implemented as an extension to or as an alternative for, a wired LAN within a building or campu
12、s . Using electromagnetic waves, WLANs transmit and receive data over the air, minimizing the need for wired connections. Thus, WLANs combine data connectivity with user mobility, and, through simplified configuration, enable movable LANs. The IEEE 802.11 group of standards specifies the technologie
13、s for wireless LANs. 802.11 standards use the Ethernet protocol and CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance) for path sharing and include an encryption method, the Wired Equivalent Privacy algorithm. The 802.11a, b, and g standards are the most common for home wireless access
14、 points and large business wireless systems.A remote user can use WLAN to access the Internet through public access points (“hotspots”) provided by service providers. When in the office, they may access WLAN through wireless access points. In enterprise environments, WLANs are usually complemented b
15、y security mechanisms, such as VPN (Virtual Private Network). Over the last several years, WLANs have gained strong popularity in some markets, including the health-care, retail, manufacturing, and academic areas. These industries have profited from the productivity gains of using hand-held terminal
16、s and notebook computers to transmit real-time information to centralized hosts for processing. Today WLANs are becoming more widely recognized as a general-purpose connectivity alternative for a broad range of business customers. B. Web Services Quickly becoming a significant technology in the evol
17、ution of the Internet is web services, a set of standards that can interconnect systems over a verity of networks. It is an open XML-based technology providing a generic data exchange format and has been rapidly adopted by many vendors. Web services can easily be built upon existing applications, no
18、 matter what the underlying technology is. Because they are expected to have a growing familiarity and acceptance among many users and offer great technological promises, Web services are an interesting subject for the investigation of their possible application in many systems . Web services are a
19、new generation of web application. It combines the advantages of the component-oriented methods and web techniques, and they can describe its own service. It can also publish, locate and transfer modularized application in web. The provided functions of web services may be simple, but it also contai
20、ns extraordinary complicated business logic. Web services represent a kind of implementation of SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture), and they are the most popular one. In addition, the three operations of SOA can only process when the components of SOA interact. Therefore some standardized technique
21、s are used in web services, including UDDI, WSDL, HTTP, SOAP, and XML and so on. Web services become the best choice for developing application of SOA . III. DESIGN AND I MPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEMA. System Architecture In the system, we adopt four-tiered web-based client-server architecture. Figur
22、e 1 shows the overview of the system architecture. The system is conceptually composed of six main components: the web server, database server, cash register, mobile context server, mobile user and desktop user. The web server provided relevant information for mobile devices or desktop PCs on a wire
23、d/wireless integrated local area network using WSDL (Web Service Description Language) to describe functions and protocols. The web server then transmits to the mobile devices or desktop PCs. The user binds the web server and the WSDL. This enables the web service to be used by correspondence using
24、SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol). The database server saves all information of the system such as food information, ordering information, client information. The cash register is responsible for cost calculation of the consumer. The mobile context server applies context to the contents by using
25、styles, an attribute override, and templates according to the resources of a given mobile device. Desktop users can ask for services after checking the WSDL of the service from the web server. A desktop on a wired network can be used to browse full contents on one screen shot. When a user requests f
26、ood information through a wired network, the web server serves the information by connecting to the database server. When a user requests food information through a wireless network, the mobile context server divides the context pages according to the screen size of the mobile device. It also filter
27、s the pages according to mobile devices and then browses the adopted content from the context server to the mobile web browser. The mobile context server reconfigures contents offered by the web server. Figure 1 The System ArchitectureB. Web Service Security Model Web service security can be applied
28、 at three levels : l Platform/transport-level (point-to-point) security; l Application-level (customer) security; l Message-level (end-to-end) security. Each approach has different strengths and weaknesses. The choice of the approach is largely dependent on the characteristics of the architecture an
29、d platforms involved in the message exchange. This system focuses on platform- and application-level security, so the two security levels are described. 1.Platform/transport-level (point-to-point) security The transport channel between two endpoints (web service client and web service) can be used t
30、o provide point-to-point security as illustrated in Figure 2. Figure 2 Platform/transport-level securityIn the platform-level model, the client sends an XML format request to the web server. The XML message is not encrypted by the client. When the message is transported in the transport channel, the
31、 network encrypts the entire data stream to make sure that the transport is secure. This system uses a tightly coupled Microsoft Windows operating system environment. The Internet Information Server (IIS) provides basic, integrated and certificate authentication. The ASP.NET web service inherits som
32、e of the ASP.NET authentication and authorization features. The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is used to provide message integrity and confidentiality. 2 .Application-level securityWith application-level security, the application controls security with custom security features (Figure 3). Figure 3 Appl
33、ication-level securityIn the application-level security model, for example, an application can use a custom SOAP header to pass user credentials to authenticate the user with each web service request. A common approach is to pass a ticket (or user name or license) in the SOAP header. The application
34、 has the flexibility to generate its own principal object that contains roles. The application can optionally encrypt what it needs to, although this requires secure key storage and developers must have knowledge of the relevant cryptography APIs. An alternative technique uses SSL to provide confide
35、ntiality and integrity it with custom SOAP headers to perform authentication. The system uses the SOAP Toolkit 2.0offered by Microsoft, which provides support for internet security based on the IIS security infrastructure to implement the application-level security model. C. The Implementation of th
36、e System The whole system was built using the Microsoft .NET framework and .NET compact framework. Server application was implemented by Microsoft ASP.NET based on C#, the database was served by Microsoft SQL server 2000. The context server connected to the web server acted as IIS as the web server.
37、 The function modules of this system mainly consist of 5 parts: system management, food management, client management, food ordering management and finance management, as shown in Figure 4.Figure 4 function modules of the systemThe system management module is responsible for the initial setting of t
38、he system, administrator setting, wireless network setting, logs management etc. The food menu management includes setting name, prides, types, state of food, and so on. The client management supervises information of clients, which include the VIP information. The food ordering management is respon
39、sible for supervising the food ordering information from wire users and wireless users. The finance management administrates cash, bill, and financial audit of the restaurant. Some user interfaces of wire users and wireless users in this system are shown in figure 5 and figure 6. IV. CONCLUSIONSThe
40、mobile devices have been widely used to provide easily access to the web content. We presented a wireless food ordering system based on web services over a wired/wireless integrated local area network, which implements wired and wireless data access to the servers and food ordering functions through
41、 both desktop PCs and mobile devices such as PDAs. The system is based on secure web service architecture and can increase efficiency for restaurants by saving time, reducing human errors and by providing higher quality customer service.附录B基于Web服务的无线食品点菜系统摘要：当前的无线通信，使人们轻松地交换信息，而Web服务提供了松耦合和平台无关的方式连接
42、整个Internet或Intranet的应用程序。本文提出的无线通信技术和Web服务技术的集成，实现无线点餐系统。在这个系统中，实现了有线和无线数据访问订购通过台式电脑和移动设备，如超过有线/无线综合局域网的掌上电脑功能的服务器和食品。为了确保安全系统，安全的Web服务架构和一些安全策略，以确保移动通信安全进行了讨论。基于Web服务的移动设备上的无线应用提供了一个方便的手段，改善食肆的效率和准确性，节省了时间，减少人为错误，等等。关键词 Web服务；无线；食品订货系统；安全I引言在信息技术的飞速发展，特别是在无线通信和网络服务技术，极大地改变人们访问信息和工作。如PDA等移动设备所提供的便利和
43、强大的功能，鼓励了很多人来调查使用它们的好处。无线和手持设备比比皆是，作为供应商推销到一计算，即时通信和随时随地的信息访问的共同主题。虽然Web服务提供了面向服务的计算技术。 Web服务允许在不同的平台上，在不同的语言编写的程序在一个标准的方式相互沟通。一贯的经营模式，通过整合这些技术，可以实现一系列广泛的设备上：不只是在经营移动网络的移动设备，但也对服务器和个人电脑连接到互联网。在餐馆订餐过程简单的任务，需要协调。流入主要来自客户指令到服务员，然后到厨房和/或酒吧工作人员，最后收银员。在中大和繁忙的餐厅，这种协调是一个挑战，需要一个高效的订货系统。订购流程中的错误导致不正确或序列准备膳食或非
44、消耗和增加成本的业务结果。本文提出的无线通信技术和Web服务技术的集成，实现无线点餐系统。在这个系统中，实现有线和无线数据接入服务器和订餐通过台式电脑和移动设备，如通过有线/无线综合局域网掌上电脑的功能。该系统是基于安全的Web服务架构，并采取了一些安全策略，以确保移动通信安全。基于Web服务的移动设备上的无线应用提供了一个方便的手段，提高工作效率和准确性。II无线局域网和W EB服务A无线局域网无线局域网（WLAN，无线局域网）是一种灵活的数据通信系统延伸或作为替代，建筑物或校园内的有线局域网实现。利用电磁波，无线局域网发送和接收的空气数据，最大限度地减少需要有线连接。因此，WLAN的结合用
45、户移动数据连接，并通过简化的配置，使移动局域网。无线局域网的IEEE 802.11标准组指定的技术。 802.11标准使用路径共享的以太网协议和CSMA / CA（载波侦听碰撞避免的多址接入）和加密方法，有线等效保密算法。这个802.11a，b和g标准，是最常见的家庭无线接入点和大型企业的无线系统。远程用户可以使用WLAN访问互联网，通过公共服务供应商提供的接入点（“热点”）。在办公室时，他们可能会访问WLAN通过无线接入点。在企业环境中，无线局域网的安全机制，如VPN（虚拟专用网络），通常辅之以。在过去的几年中，无线局域网已经取得了一些市场人气旺盛，包括医疗保健，零售，制造，和学术领域。这些
46、行业都得益于使用手持终端和笔记本电脑传输实时信息集中处理的主机的生产力。今天，无线局域网正在成为更广泛地作为一个通用连接替代了企业客户的广泛认可。B. Web服务迅速成为互联网发展的重要技术，是网络服务，一套标准的，可以通过网络真理互连系统。它是一个开放的基于XML的技术，提供了一个通用的数据交换格式和许多厂商已迅速通过。 Web服务可以很容易地建立在现有的应用程序，无论是什么底层技术。因为他们预计将有越来越多的熟悉和接受多个用户之间提供了极大的技术承诺，Web服务是一个有趣的话题调查其可能的应用在许多系统。Web服务是新一代的Web应用程序。它结合了面向构件的方法和网络技术的优势，他们可以形
47、容自己的服务。它也可以发布，定位和传输网络中的模块化应用。 Web服务提供的功能可以很简单，但它也包含了特别复杂的业务逻辑。 Web服务代表了一种实施SOA（面向服务的架构），他们是最流行的一种。此外，SOA的三个操作只能处理时，SOA的组件交互。因此，一些标准化的技术被用来在Web服务中，包括UDDI，WSDL HTTP，SOAP和XML等。 Web服务成为SOA应用开发的最佳选择。待添加的隐藏文字内容1III该系统的设计与实现系统架构在系统中，我们采用四个层次的基于网络的客户端 - 服务器架构。图1显示了系统的体系结构的概述。该系统的概念组成的六个主要组件：Web服务器，数据库服务器，收银
48、机，移动环境下的服务器，移动用户和桌面用户。 Web服务器提供的有关信息为移动设备或台式电脑，有线/无线综合局域网络使用WSDL（Web服务描述语言）来描述功能和协议。该网站的服务器，然后传送到移动设备或台式电脑。用户绑定Web服务器和WSDL。这可以通过使用SOAP（简单对象访问协议）的信件中使用的网络服务。数据库服务器保存的食品信息，订购信息，客户信息，如系统的所有信息。收银是负责为消费者的成本计算。移动环境中的服务器应用上下文的内容，根据一个给定的移动设备的资源，通过使用样式，属性重写和模板。桌面用户可以从Web服务器后，检查该服务的WSDL服务要求。在有线网络上的一个桌面可以被用于浏览
49、在一个屏幕上拍摄的全部内容。当用户请求粮食信息通过有线网络，Web服务器提供连接到数据库服务器的信息。当用户请求粮食信息通过无线网络，移动环境中的服务器根据移动设备的屏幕大小划分上下文页。它还过滤根据移动设备的网页，然后通过从上下文服务器内容的移动网络浏览器浏览。移动环境中的服务器重新配置Web服务器提供的内容。图1 系统架构B.Web服务安全性模型Web服务安全性，可应用在三个层面：ll 平台/传输级（点）的安全性;ll 应用程序级（客户）的安全性;ll 消息级（年底）安全。每种方法都有不同的长处和短处。该方法的选择是在很大程度上取决于参与消息交换的体系结构和平台的特点。此系统平台和应用程序级安全性的重点，因此，描述了两个安全级别。1.平台/传输级（点）的安全可以使用的两个端点（Web服务客户端和Web服务）之间的传输通道，提供点至点的安全，如图2所示。图2平台/传输级安全性在平
