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1、嘉兴发电厂300 MW发电机励磁调节器参数测定和电力系统稳定器试验结果嘉兴发电厂300 MW发电机励磁调节器参数测定和电力系统稳定器试验结果竺士章1，陈皓1，赵红光2，吴余泉2，杨立强2，盛爱华3，金军31浙江省电力试验研究所，浙江省杭州市310014；2中国电力科学研究院，北京100085；3浙江嘉兴发电厂，浙江省嘉兴市314000 1引言嘉兴发电厂2号机（300 MW）为无刷励磁系统发电机。1999年改用国家电力公司中国电力科学研究院生产的WKKL型双通道微机励磁调节器。按照DLT 6501998和SD27188标准要求，该励磁调节器具有电力系统稳定器（PSS）的功能。WKKL型励磁调节器
2、的PSS功能，经过中国电科院试验室验证试验，符合IEEEStd 4212标准要求。在励磁调节器的投运过程中，完成了对所设定参数的测定验证、对AVR和PSS的参数整定以及PSS效果检查试验。测定验证设定参数的方法是应用频谱分析仪测量频率响应特性并与用设定参数通过计算得到的频率响应特性进行比较，从而确定设定参数和算法的正确与否。PSS的参数设定方法是测量励磁系统在线无补偿频率响应特性和有补偿频率响应特性。结果表明，应用频谱分析仪测量频率响应特性是验证微机励磁调节器设定参数和算法的一种有效方法；测量励磁系统在线无补偿频率响应特性和有补偿频率响应特性是微机励磁调节器PSS参数整定的一种有效方法。嘉兴发
3、电厂300 MW发电机微机励磁调节器的PSS现场调整试验是国产微机励磁调节器的PSS功能在大型火电机组上进行的第一次试验，也是成功的试验。2微机励磁调节器设定参数的测量微机励磁调节器中各种调节功能的作用是通过软件实现的。如何证明调节器的软件实现了所期望的功能呢？WKKL系列微机励磁调节器提供了一种方法和条件，其方法是实际测量各环节的频率响应特性并与用设定参数计算得到的频率响应特性相对比，以检验参数设定及其算法的正确性。在嘉兴发电厂300 MW发电机的投运试验中，对AVR的串联校正环节（PID）、励磁机时间常数补偿环节和PSS相位补偿环节，测量了频率响应特性，与用设定参数计算得到的频率响应特性进
4、行了对比，证明此方法是正确的。21串联校正环节参数的测量中国电力科学研究院设计的AVR的串联校正环节（PID）的传递函数为参数设定为K2075，T110s，T2100s，T302 s，T4005 s时实际测量得到的频率响应特性和根据上述参数计算得到的频率响应特性列于表1。由表1可见，实际测量得到的频率响应特性与计算得到的频率响应特性是一致的，说明AVR的PID校正环节参数及其算法是正确的。22PSS环节参数的测量PSS的传递函数如图1所示。参数设定为TW55 s，T103 s，T240 s，T3015 s，T4005 s时，实际测量得到的相位特性和根据上述参数计算得到的相位特性列于表2。由表2
5、可见，实际测量得到的相位特性与计算得到的相位特性是一致的，说明PSS环节的算法是正确的。23励磁机励磁电流负反馈环节励磁机励磁电流负反馈环节用来实现励磁机时间常数补偿。励磁电流负反馈环节的反馈系数KH的整定值为0075，其测定结果见表3。由表3可见，反馈系数的测定计算值与整定值相同。计算中，励磁电流Ief以空载额定电流52 A为基准值，输出以100为基准值。3 自动电压调节器空载阶跃响应试验结果自动电压调节器（AVR）有良好的稳定性是PSS投入运行的前提和基础。电压调节器的参数是电力系统稳定分析中不可缺少的能耐数。PID参数设定为K=20.75,T1=1.0s,T2=10.0s,T3=0.2s
6、,T4=0.05s时，发电机空载电压给定阶跃响应试验结果见表4和图2。由表4可见，其指标符合励磁系统国家标准和行业标准要求。4电力系统稳定器的参数整定和试验图1所示的电力系统稳定器输入信号为发电机的有功功率。41励磁系统在线无补偿（无PSS）相频特性测量和PSS参数选择励磁系统在线无补偿（无PSS）相频特性测量结果见表5第1列。根据表5第1列的测量结果，选取PSS的参数为：TW55 s，T1017 s，T240 s，T3010 s，T4006 s。42励磁系统在线有补偿（有PSS）相频特性测量结果励磁系统在线有补偿（有PSS）相频特性测量结果见表5第2列。由相频特性测量结果可见，在振荡频率为0
7、3207 Hz的宽频率范围内，PSS都能提供正阻尼。43PSS放大倍数K确定PSS放大倍数K一般以小于临界放大倍数的三分之一为好。临?/td 绶糯蟊妒蛴墒匝槿范眉哟蠓糯蟊妒钡秸竦吹姆椒獾昧俳缭鲆嫖?4。根据临界增益测量和开环频率特性测量结果，决定取K40。44PSS阻尼功率振荡效果试验 用阶跃响应方法检查PSS阻尼功率振荡的效果。图3为无PSS时的阶跃响应录波图。由图可见，振荡频率为1.43Hz，阻尼比为0.107；图4为有PSS时的阶跃响应录波图。由图可见，振荡频率为1.51Hz，上升0.08Hz，阻尼比为0.280，增加0.173。由此可以看出，PSS有明显的提高阻尼的作用。5结论（1）中
8、国电力科学研究院设置的嘉兴发电厂2号机励磁调节器AVR的参数与实测结果相符，可以用于电力系统稳定计算。（2）对微机励磁调节器尝试用随机信号测量频率响应特性测定其各环节参数获得成功，不失为一种有效的方法。WKKL型微机励磁调节器具有的信号输出、输入配置和方便的整定手段，能够满足各环节参数测定和现场PSS参数整定需要。（3）以励磁系统在线无补偿（无PSS）相频特性测量为基础整定PSS参数的方法是微机励磁调节器的PSS参数整定的有效方法，有利于PSS参数的选择，以达到很好的阻尼效果。 参考文献CH(结束) Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist,
9、journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint bee
10、ps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle progr
11、am I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the ne
12、xt one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man ju
13、mp from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this missio
14、n was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. Howev
15、er, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How
16、 claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mi
17、ssion aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, wi
18、ll move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the str
19、atosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly s
20、tep out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he
21、is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be
22、enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 me
23、ters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would caus
24、e you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.待添加的隐藏文字内容3
