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1、阅读还原技巧点拨一、 题型特点在近两年各省中考试题阅读理解中，出现了这样一种题型阅读还原。阅读还原类题目常见的形式：在一段200300词的短文中留出四、五个空白，要求考生从所给的五个或六个选项中选出正确答案，补全短文，使短文意思通顺、前后连贯。这类题目中空白处需填的选项常常是表示过渡、总结或转折性的句子，段首段尾一般不留空，并且做错一题很可能导致全盘皆输。二、考核内容纵观各选项与文中空白，此题型主要考查：1、 细节与细节的关系：一般空白出现在文章中间，主要考文中句子与句子之间的关系。2、主题与细节的关系：答案线索一般就在挖空的那一段中寻找。3、大主题与小主题的关系：一般需要通读全文寻找答案，首
2、先必须明确文章大意。三、技巧点拨解答阅读还原题的关键在于理解文章大意，理清逻辑关系，研究选项内容。即“读懂文章、读懂逻辑、读懂选项”。1、读懂文章。如果是记叙文，在通读全文后应了解故事的主人公、主要情节以及故事的发展过程；如果是说明文，就要弄清楚文章的说明对象、说明顺序；议论文则要明确作者的论点及如何论证论点。2、读懂逻辑。明确文章的大体内容后，首先要理清文章的逻辑关系。 例如：记叙文通常以时间的发展为线索，说明文往往以“总分总”或“并列式”的结构来说明问题，而议论文常以“总分”或“分总”的形式出现。作者把某句放在它所在的位置一定是有道理的，通常是不能随意更改的；其次要弄清各段之间是如何过渡、
3、如何照应的，又是如何形成一个有机整体的。文章中的起始句、过渡句、结尾句以及各段的主旨句尤为重要，它们即“路标句”。找到了路标，题目做起来就会简单很多。3、读懂选项。有的同学会困惑，看似凌乱的选项该如何读懂？其实快速解决这类题目的秘诀就在于读懂选项。选项中通常会出现两种句子，一种是支撑文章的细节句，一种是概括文章的主题句。细节句使文章更加丰富，使故事情节更流畅；主题句让读者快速了解主旨，辅助读者阅读，通常与文章的细节无直接联系。因此，在浏览完选项后，考生应该在心中大致分类，哪一句是细节句，哪一句是主题句。这样，对它们的大致位置也可以做到心中有数了。做好分类工作后，我们要细读选项，找出各句的关键词
4、（常常是表示指代性的词），然后确定它们在文中的指代。这些关键词将成为路标，与上下文一一对应。如：(2012 广西桂林)Earth Hour started in Sydney on March 31, 2007. It calls on families and buildings to turn off the lights from 20:30 to 21:30 on the last Saturday night of March. 66 A year later, on March 29, Earth Hour 2008 became a global activity and was
5、 supported by 50 million people from thirty-five countries. On March 28, 2010 over 2100 cities in another eight countries took part in it. 67In 2012 in China, there were many cities taking part in this activity, especially some large cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai. Many citizens consciously (有意识地
6、) turned off lights in the hour. 68 In colleges some students held some activities to make all the students leave their dormitories.In was 20:30, Beijing time. 69 In Shanghai some people were taking a walk with their families or friends. And in Ningbo some young people were holding a party in a park
7、, singing and dancing. 70Earth Hour has a variety of activities, but the final goal is the same, that is focusing on (聚焦) climate change and protecting the environment for individuals.请根据以上内容，从下列五个选项中选择适当的句子还原到短文中，使短文完整与正确。 将其标号在答题卡上涂黑。（每小题2分，共10分）A. The people from the three cities felt very relaxe
8、d.B. In 2007 more than 2.2 million homes and businesses turned off their lights.C. And without lights, they could also enjoy themselves.D. Some people in Beijing were having a nice talk with their friends.E. Earth Hour came to China on that day, too.【解析】1、读懂文章。本文是一篇说明文，简单介绍了“地球一小时”的诞生及发展，重点提到中国的一些大城
9、市，如北京、上海、宁波等，对此活动作出的积极响应。2、读懂逻辑。了解文章大意后，纵观全文可知，本文是按照“总分总”的结构来说明“地球一小时”这个活动的。第一段综述“地球一小时”这一活动的诞生以及随后的发展。从时间顺序上可知，66空应该选B；67空应该选E，作为一个过渡句，它起到承上启下的作用；第二、三段分述中国各地参与此活动的情况以及在熄灯后采取的各种休闲方式，故可推知68空需填C，因为上文提到熄灯这一举措；69空选D，上文提到北京，接下来就讲到北京熄灯后人们的活动，联系下文上海熄灯后人们的活动也可判断出答案；70空选A，作为对此段的总结。3、读懂选项。先看5个空的位置，67和70 两个空在段
10、末，66、68、69三个空在段落中间。认真阅读5个选项后，发现A句为概括性的主题句，E为承上启下的过渡句，而B、C、D三个句子是细节句，是对文章内容的说明和补充。【答案：BECDA】如：（2012 吉林）I met Rose, my new classmate on the first day of college. To my surprise, she was already 87 years old. Why are you in college at such a young age?” I joked. Im here to meet a rich man, get married,
11、 have two children, and then retire and travel,” she answered. (81) _Like young students, Rose was outgoing, kind and helpful. (82) _ Soon, she became a superstar in our college.At the end of the term, Rose was invited to give us a speech. I will never forget what she said to us, There are only four
12、 secrets to staying young and achieving success.”First, you have to laugh and find humor (幽默感) every day. Then, you need to have a dream. (83) _ Next, find any chance to change yourself. Finally, people shouldnt have regrets (遗憾) for things they didnt do.”(84) _ Over 2,000 students went to her funer
13、al (葬礼) to express their love to the wonderful woman.The great woman didnt live in this world any longer, but she gave us an unforgettable lesson in life. That is (85) _ Dont you think so?从方框内选择适当的句子补全短文，使短文意思通顺，结构完整。A. When you lose your dream, you die.B. She always had friends around her.C. Never
14、too old to learn.D. One week after she finished her college, she died in her sleep peacefully.E. Both of us laughed, because we knew what she said wasnt true.【解析】第一步：通读全文，了解故事的情节及发展。本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了我的大学新同学87岁的老太太Rose，乐观、善良、幽默的性格让她很受同学们欢迎。她的演讲告诉大家保持年轻，获取成功的四大秘诀：笑对每一天；拥有梦想；改变自己；不留遗憾。她给我们留下了宝贵的精神财富：活到老学到老。
15、第二步：读选项，将选项分类，先易后难。主题句：C选项。细节句：A、B、D、E选项。分类后，很容易确定C项是放在第85空。它总结全文，是对主人公的生活理念的诠释，也是这篇文章的升华总结。第三步：找出各句关键词，对应原文确定选项。A. When you lose your dream, you die.B. She always had friends around her.D. One week after she finished her college, she died in her sleep peacefully.E. Both of us laughed, because we kn
16、ew what she said wasnt true.划出关键词后，再把它们放到文章中看一看，对应上下文，很容易就能找到答案，因为文章有明显提示：81题，由老太太的话，87岁要结婚生孩子可以判断选E。82题，根据本段第一句的outgoing, kind, helpful和下句的superstar可知她有很多朋友，故选B。83题，由上句you need have a dream可推出此项选A。84题，根据下句的葬礼一词很容易推断出老人过世，故选D。第四步: 复读文章，仔细检查。完成后将选项全部放入文章的空白处，再次检查逻辑性与连贯性,确认无误。【答案：EBADC】阅读还原模拟训练Passage
17、 1Do you have the problem of “in one ear and out the other”? Cant hold anything in your memory? Here are some tips on how to deal with the problem.Take exercise. When you exercise, your body takes in more oxygen (氧气). . Oxygen makes your brain active. _1_2_ Tell yourself that you want to learn what
18、you need to remember. If you keep thinking about how bad your memory is, your brain will not be active. Think positive! Try to be more relaxed._3_If you want your memory to improve, try to be more cheerful.Good sleeping habits are important. _4_If you dont have enough sleep, you will be tired and un
19、able to concentrate during the day._5_Try to take more vitamins (维生素), like B vitamins, especially B6, B12, and folic acid (叶酸). They protect neurons (神经细胞) and make red blood cells (细胞) with oxygen. These nutrients are in spinach (菠菜) and other dark leafy greens, broccoli, strawberries, melons, bla
20、ck beans and soybeans (大豆).A. Sleep helps your memory.B. Some foods can also help.C. Be active and have a positive attitude.D. It makes brain chemicals more active and helps protect brain cells.E. Scientists have found that stress makes it difficult for people to concentrate.Passage 2It is often sai
21、d that learning a new language can open up another world. _1_English is the most widely spoken foreign language in the world. _2_ A recent survey found that Britons are the worst language learners in Europe.It found that just one-third of those asked were able to speak a second language._3_Children
22、spend an hour a week learning the language. Some schools go on a day trip to France to practice speaking. When children reach high school, they continue their French studies.They are also given the chance to learn German (德语).In certain schools, children also learn Latin. This language is no longer
23、spoken, but many English words and structures (结构) come from it. _4_Most children in Britain do not enjoy learning languages. _5_ Also, because so many speak English, many British children think they dont need to bother (烦恼) learning a second language.A. Thats why British people are lazy when it com
24、es to learning new languages.B. In Britain, children begin learning to speak French in junior school.C. You are able to talk with new people, explore a new culture and understand a new way of life.D. So we can say that having a good knowledge of Latin helps improve ones English.E. They think they ar
25、e more difficult and less fun than other subjects.Passage 3WC, toilet, lavatory, bathroom, restroom, john English has many words for the little room we all have to go to every day. _1_In the US, you will get where you need to go if you ask where the “bathroom” is. If youre in a shopping mall, you sh
26、ould ask directions to the “restroom”. _2_It comes from the name of the 19th century British man who invented the flush toilet (冲水马桶).In Britain the most commonly used words are “toilet” and “bathroom”. _3_A public toilet is a “public convenience”. You often used to see the words “Ladies” and “Gentl
27、emen” above the entries to public toilets, but “Men” and “Women” are more common now.Australians say “loo”. It is also quite popular in the UK. Canadians use the word “can”. New Zealanders “bog”, and South Africans “want (to) go to the bathroom”._4_Well, its from the French “toilette” to wash yourse
28、lf.People from English-speaking countries also use some witty (智慧的) words. For example, “throne” (王座) to describe the toilet and “throne room” for the bathroom.A. “WC”, which stands for “water closet”, and “lavatory”, are also used.B. Here are some of the words that are used in different countries.C
29、 Americans also use the word “john”.D. Toilet is considered to be a more common expression.E. Where does the word toilet itself come from?Passage 4We eat pastas almost every day, especially at lunch. Italian “noodles” are different from Chinese noodles. Italians cook food so deliciously that youll w
30、ant to eat the plate. I like sauces made with tomato and bacon._1_Italian people make pastas that look like shells, bows, ribbons, flowers and many other shapes to hold sauces better._2_It can be red, green or black, with vegetables, spices, eggs or man-made colouring in it.Sauce is important in ser
31、ving pasta. _3_People use not only pork or vegetables, as you do with Chinese noodles, but also cream (奶油), olives (橄榄) and seafood!It is said that there are more than 500 kinds of Italian pasta. _4_You cook Chinese noodles and Italian pasta similarly (相似地), except that you let the water go before m
32、ixing the pasta with sauce.If youre not sure whether pasta is done, just throw a piece at the wall. If it sticks (粘住), its time to prepare plates!A. But if you add different sauces, the number could be more than 1,000.B. Italian pasta comes in a large number of forms, not just long strands (细条).C. D
33、elicious pasta has made Italian kids the fattest in Europe.D. Some say its the sauce that makes Italian pasta special.E. Pasta also comes in different colors.Passage 5Bread is certainly the oldest staple food in many parts of the world. Mainly its made of wheat.People grind up (磨碎) wheat to make flo
34、ur. Then they add water to the flour to make dough (生面团). _1_Most people dont make their own bread. They buy it from the supermarket bakery._2_Probably the most popular way is in sandwiches. Two slices of buttered (带黄油的) bread with a filling (馅) like cheese or ham, and with other things like vegetab
35、les, tomatoes or relish. A hamburger, which is eaten in a bread bun, is a kind of sandwich. The great thing about sandwiches is that they are simple to make and you can eat them anywhere._3_And you must have sandwiches if you go on a picnic. A trip to a park or the countryside wouldnt be complete wi
36、thout sandwiches and a flask (小水瓶) of tea at lunchtime.There is white bread and brown bread._4_You can buy a loaf of bread in slices or whole. Different countries make different kinds of bread. One very popular kind is the French baguette (长条形面包). This bread is in the shape of a long stick. You tear a piece off the baguette and eat it with other foods. Its great for mopping up sauce with!A. They are great for home or work or school lunch.B. Bread should be kept at low temperatures.C. How do people eat bread?D. Next they cook dough in the oven.E. Bread also comes in all shapes and sizes.
