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1、非谓语动词,找出各句的谓语动词并指出其具体形式1.Dont teach fish to swim.不要班门弄斧。,dont teach，谓语动词否定式,2.He had a good memory like an elephant.他以前有很好的记忆力。3.It would be a waste of money building such a luxurious villa.建这么豪华的别墅太浪费钱。,1,had，谓语动词过去式 would be，附加情态动词的动词原形,4.Light travels much faster than sound.光比声音传播速度快得多。5.When ask
2、ed why,please just keep silent.当问到原因时，就保持沉默。,1,travels，谓语动词单数形式 keep，动词原形,6.The president was warmly welcomed by the residents.总统受到了居民的热烈欢迎。,1,was welcomed，动词的被动形式,1,谓语动词的形式包括主动句各种时态下的谓语形式和被动句各种时态下的谓语形式以及情态动词与动词连用的各种形式。,2,动名词，现在分词，不定式与过去分词以及它们相应时态与语态下的各种形式叫作动词的非谓语形式。换言之，不能作谓语的动词形式叫非谓语动词。,三、谓语动词与非谓语动
3、词的区别高考题点击：1.“Cant you read?”Mary said _ to the notice.(93 N)A.angrily pointingB.and point angrily C.angrily pointedD.and angrily pointing2.Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away,_ into the woods.（04上海春季）A.seizing.,disappeared B.seized.,disappeared C.seizing,disapp
4、earing D.seized,disappearing,两个动作之间用 and 连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，故B、D皆错；不用 and 连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故C错。,seized 和 took 是并列谓语，disappearing 是伴随状语。此题的关键是and 的位置，如果 and 在 disappear 前，则三个动词并列。,A,D,A,A,B,非谓语动词的用法,不定式,一 不定式的用法,主语 It is right to give up smoking.To see is to believe.,2.宾语 I find it inter
5、esting to study English.He wanted to go.,3.宾语补足语 He asked me to do the work with him.,注意：在feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to.但是变成被动结构，必须带to.,I heard him sing a song.He was heard to sing a song.,I heard him singing a song.He was heard singing a song.,4.
6、定语,The farmers thought of ways to protect their crops.,注1：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需有介词,Please give me a knife to cut with.There is nothing to worry about.He is looking for a room to live in.,He is the first one to come here.,但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way,不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省略。,He h
7、ad no money and no place to live(in).,注2：当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式可用主被动两种语态，含义有所不同。,Have you anything to send?动作执行者youHave you anything to be sent?动作执行者是我或别人,5.状语,I came here to see you.(目的)in order to,so as to,We were excited to hear the news.(原因),He hurried to the school to find nobody ther
8、e.(结果）,soas to,suchas to,enough to,only to,tooto,He lifted a rock only to drop in on his own feet.,注1：某些形容词在tooto结构中表肯定，它们是anxious,delighted,eager,easy,glad,kind,pleased,ready,surprised,willing等。,She was too surprised to see how angry herfather was.(看到父亲那么生气，她很吃惊),注2：在not,never,only,all,but等后的tooto
9、结构中too意为very，没有否定含义。,Its never too late to learn.Im only too glad to stay at home.,6.表语,My job is to help the patient.,7.独立成分,to tell the truth,to be frank,to be exact,to begin with,to make a long story short,8.不定式与疑问词连用在句中起名词作用，可充当主语，表语，宾语等。,How to solve the problem is very important.My question is
10、 when to start.He didnt know what to say.,注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的不定不带to.,Why not have a rest?,二.不定式的时态,不定式一般形式所表示的动作通常与谓语 动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后 发生。,I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.,I saw him go out.,2.如果谓语表示的动作发生时，不定式表示 的动作正在进行，不定式用进行时。,He is believed to be coming.,Im
11、glad to be working with you.,3.不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前，用完成时。,He is believed to have come.Im sorry to have kept you waiting.,4.在intended,expected,hoped,promised,wanted,wished,thought等后用不定式完 成式表示过去没有实现的愿望，期待或 计划。,I hoped to have finished the work earlier.,三.不带to的不定式,在feel,hear,listen to,make,let,have,see,look
12、at,watch,notice,observe等动词后，不定式作宾补时不用to,2.在would rather(would sooner,had rather,had sooner)than,rather than结构的than 之后,I would sooner stay at home than go tosee a movie.,He insisted on going back to work rather than stay in hospital.,3.在以why引导的疑问句中,Why worry about it?Why not do it right now?,4.在canno
13、t but,cannot choose but,cannot help but之后 I cannot but admire his courage.,5.不定式动词在介词but,except,besides后面 时，介词前有do,I have no choice but to accept the fact.She could do nothing but cry.,6.为了避免重复，不定式可省略to,Im puzzled what to think or say.,7.在let go(放手),make believe(假装),make do(凑合),等固定搭配中。,四.It is brave
14、 of you to do that.It is easy for you to do that.,表示人物特征的形容词同of后的名词或代词有意义上的主表关系，常与of搭配。,Brave,careful,careless,clever,considerate,cruel,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,right,rude,stupid,silly,thoughtful,wise,wrong,表示事物性质的形容词与不定式关系密切，有主表关系，常与for搭配。,Easy,hard,heavy,necessary,impossible,possible,importan
15、t,difficult,动名词,1.主语,Reading is very important in learning a foreign language.,2.表语,Her favourite sport is diving.,4.宾语,I enjoy swimming.,3.定语,drinking water,admit,avoid,allow,advise,consider,enjoy,dislike,deny,detest,practise,finish,face,delay,escape,involve,risk,mind,mention,excuse,imagine,miss,su
16、ggest,understand,某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语,介词宾语,Im tired of working.Tell me something about fishing.The tool is used for opening cans.I like sunbathing after swimming.,短语的宾语 feel like/cant help/cant stand/put off/give up/Its no use/Its no good/etc.,带to 短语的宾语 trust to/turn to/be used to/be sentenced to/see to/s
17、tick to/be reduced to/give birth to/point to/object to/lead to/look forward to/get down to/give way to/be familiar to/be similar to/devote oneself to/be equal to,区别 forget;regret;stop;mean;remember;try 后接动名词和不定式的区别2)区别 love;like;hate;prefer;intend接动名词和不定式无差别，有所指时多用不定式。3)need sth.+require+doing want/
18、to be done be worth doing be worth to do,注意：,forget regret remember stop,I forgot to post the letter.I regret telling you the news.I regret to tell you a piece of bad news.When the teacher came in,they stopped talking.I felt tired,so I stopped to have a rest.I remember meeting him somewhere.,一般式,完成式
19、,主动,被动,teaching,having taught,being taught,having been taught,1.He was praised for having got full marks.,2.He remembered having sent me the book.,3.He disliked being punished in public.,4.He regretted having been taken to such a place.,（完成体）,（完成体）,（被动态）,（被动态的完成体）,1.Marys being late made the teacher
20、 angry.2.I suggest his going there.3.I suggest him going there.,动名词的逻辑主语,动名词的否定形式,I regret not following his advice.,1。改错The parents are looking forward to hear from their daughter.,The parents are looking forward to hearing from their daughter.,2.You can easily improve your English by practise list
21、ening and speaking.,by practising listening and speaking,3.New ways have been found to stop the river from polluting.,stop the river from being polluted,4.He enjoys listening to the news in the morning and to watch TV in the evening.,He enjoys listening to the news in the morning and watching TV in
22、the evening.,5.I didnt mind treating like that.,I didnt mind being treated like that.,6.Tom was scolded for having not finished his homework.,Tom was scolded for not having finished his homework.,We will look up this word in a dictionary.,We will turn to a dictionary for help.We will refer to a dict
23、ionary.,分词,1.分词的句法作用Their success is exciting.Have you read the book written by the famous actor.Being ill,he hasnt come.They are watching the boys playing football.,2.现在分词和过去分词作表语区别 现在分词：“令人”；过去分词：“感到”The result was _.After hearing the news,we felt very_.(disappoint),His _ look suggested that the m
24、ovie is very _.(interest),ing,ing,ed,ed,3.作定语的区别现在分词：表示主动、进行中的动作过去分词：表示被动、完成的动作falling leaves/fallen leavesboiling water/boiled waterdeveloping/developed countryspeaking/spoken English,分词作定语时，常置于所修饰的词之后，相当于一个定语从句,1.Australia is the only country covering an entire continent.2.The man writing this Eng
25、lish letter is my teacher.,3.The letter written in English is from my teacher.4.Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in white.,4.分词作状语Being a clever boy,his father sent him to college.Having done my homework,there was nothing else to do.,分词作状语的主要用法,(1)表示时间代替when,while,after before,等引导的时间状语从
26、句:Arriving at the station(=When I arrived),I found the train gone.Hearing the news(=When he heard),he couldnt help jumping up.Walking along the street(=While I was walking),I met old Mike.,(当强调时间时，可在分词前加when，while等连词，如：)Be careful when(you are)crossing the street.When(he was)asked to stop talking,he
27、 became angry.,（2）表示原因代替as，since等引导的原因状语从句 Being tired(=As he was tired),he went to bed early.,(3)表示条件代替if,unless 等引导的条件状语从句 Turning to the right(=if you turn to),youll find the theatre.,We wont go there unless(we are)invited.,These trees will grow better if(they are)well looked after.,(4)表示让步代替thou
28、gh,although,even if引导的让步 状语从句：Although having spent(Although he has spent)much time on his study,he doesnt see his success.Although tired,they continued to work.,(5)表示方式或伴随状况，They walked into the classroom,talking and laughing.The teacher stood there surrounded by the students.,5.分词作补足语,能跟补足语的动词多为表示
29、感觉的动词,如see,hear,feel,watch,noticeobserve等。此外有些使役动词也能跟补足语：have,make,get,keep,set,leave等,He suddenly heard someone knocking at the door.Sorry to have kept you waiting.,You should keep them informed of what is going on there.Please speak slowly to make yourself easily understood.(easy to understand),6.
30、某些分词固定词组generally speaking/considering/judging by(from),Judging by his accent,he must be from Guangdong.Generally speaking,the conference is quite successful.,独立主格结构 在用分词作状语时，它逻辑上的主语 要和句子的主语一致。但有时也可以 有自己独立的逻辑主语，由代词或名 词的主格担任，称为独立主格结构。,1）代词或名词主格+分词,Weather permitting,well go by boat.The boy turned to
31、the man,his eyes opened wide.,2）with+宾语+分词,In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at any other person.He stood for a moment with his eyes fixed on the apple.,如何区分动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语？主要根据非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的关系来决定。1.如果非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是被动关系或表动作已完成。就用过去分词。The book _(write)by the peasant is intere
32、sting.2.1)如果非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，而且表示动作正在进行就用现在分词的一般式（doing)Did you see the girl _(dance)with your brother,written,dancing,2)如果非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是动宾关系且表示动作正在进行就用现在分词的被动式（being done)。例如：The house being decorated now is mine.3.动词不定式作定语，表示“将来”的意义。1）不定式与被修饰词之间虽然是动宾关系，但如果不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，就用不定式的主动形式（to do)。I have a
33、 letter to type.2 不定式与被修饰词之间是动宾关系且表示即将进行的动作就用动词不定式的被动式（to be done)。The house to be repaired next month will be mine.,练习：用所给词的适当形式填空。1)The house_(build)last year is my uncles house.2)The building_(build)next year will be the teaching building.3)The building_(build)now will be the lab building.,built,
34、to be built,being built,现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别：1.现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质和特征，含有“令人的”之意，主语与表语之间是主动关系。主语一般是物。例如：1)The story sounds interesting.2)The news was disappointing.2.过去分词作表语时一般置于be,get,become,look,sound,feel remain等系动词的后面，表示主语所处的状态或感受,在逻辑上与主语有被动关系，例如：1）I was pleased at the news.2）The door remained locked 3）He
35、 looked very excited.,英语中有许多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示“令人”,主语一般是物；其过去分词表示“(人)感到”，主语多为人。1）The book is very _,so I am very _ in it.(interest)2)All the people were _ about the _ news.(excite)3)From his _ look on his face,the price of the meat must have risen.(disappoint)4)I am _ of the baby,because he cries al
36、l the time.He is so_(tire).,interesting,interested,excited,exciting,disappointed,tired,tiring,5.The boy looked up with a _(please)expression.注意：用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。,pleased,动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别：现在分词作宾语补足语。宾语与宾补之间在逻辑上存在着主谓关系（即宾语是现在分词动作的执行者）。而且表示动作正在进行，就用现在分词
37、作宾语补足语2.动词不定式作宾语补足语。宾语与宾补之间在逻辑上存在着主谓关系（即宾语是动词不定式动作的执行者）。不表示动作正在进行,只表示动作的全过程,就用动词不定式作宾语补足语。3.过去分词作宾语补足语。宾语与宾补之间在逻辑上存在着动宾关系（即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者）。就用过去分词作宾语补足语。,1)He got his sister _(work)a letter for him.2)Our teachers have us _(do)our homework every day.3)The boss made his workers _(work)twelve hours a day
38、.4)He had his sister _(write)a letter for him.5)I saw his brother _(get)in a car.,to write,do,work,write,get,6)I had that door _(paint)only last week.7)A week ago I had a hundred dollars _(save)8)We have your medicine _(prepare)now.Please take it.9)I raised my voice to make myself _(hear).10)Dont le
39、t the light in your room _(burn)all night long.11)We can hear the windows _(beat)by the heavy rain drops.12)I want the suit _(make)to his own measure.,painted,saved,prepared,heard,burning,beaten,made,13)The boss made the workers _(work)all night long.14)The workers had the machine _(turn)all day.15)
40、He got his sister _(post)the letter for him.16)When the husband returned,he noticed her hair _(cut)。17)The weavers had the light _(burn)all day and all night.,working,turning,to post,cut,burning,3.过去分词、现在分词作状语的区别：根据分词与逻辑主语（即句子的主语）的关系来决定两种分词的选择。如果分词的动作是由句子的主语发出的，那么 主语与分词所表示的动作是主谓关系，就用现在分词的一般式doing或现在
41、分词的完成式having done。例如：1)Comparing the new building with the old one,we find that the new one looks more beautiful.2)Having finished my homework,I went home.,若分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出的，分词所表示的动作与主语是动宾关系（即是该分词动作的承受者），则用过去分词(done)或用现在分词完成被动式having been done 但要注意，having been done 是强调一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前。过去分词done表被动，表示
42、动作已完成，但没有强调发生在谓语动词之前。Compared with the old one,the new building looks more beautiful.2)Seen from the hill,the town looks more beautiful.3)Having been told many times,he couldnt understand it.,3）_(light)a candle,she went out.4）_(hear)this,the woman astronaut expressed her satisfaction.5)_(show)the la
43、bs,we were taken to see the library.6)When _(heat),water can be changed into steam.7)_(ask)to stay,I couldnt very well leave.人家请我留下，我就不好离开了。,Having lit,Having heard,Having been shown,heated,Having been asked,1)_(see)from the top of the hill,the park looks very beautiful.2)Once _(publish),this dictio
44、nary will be very popular.3)_(give)more time,we could do it much better.4)_(pay)more attention,the child will be happier.5)_(choke)by heavy smoke,he could hardly breathe.,Seen,published,Given,Paid,Choked,6)The woman scientist entered the lab,_(follow)by her assistants.7)_(be)ill,she didnt go the sch
45、ool today.8)_(see)nobody at home,I decided to come again.9)Not _(know)her telephone number,I couldnt ring her up.10)Not _（receive）an answer,I wrote to him again.,followed,Being,Seeing,knowing,having received,11)_(tell)that it was going to snow,that climbers decided to put off their attempt on the hi
46、ghest peak.12)_(hear)the good news,he jumped with joy.13)_(walk)in the street,I saw a friend of mine.14)He sat at the table_(read)China Daily.15)_（laugh）and _(talk),they went into the room.16)Please fill in this form,_(give)your name,address,etc.,Having been told,Hearing,Walking,reading,Laughing,tal
47、king,giving,17)Her mother died in 1979,_(leave)her with four younger brothers and sisters.18)The child fell,_(strike)his head against the door and cutting it.19)_(turn)to the right,you will find the place you find.20)_(work)hard,you will succeed.,leaving,striking,Turning,Working,过去分词和现在分词完成被动式的区别：1.
48、及物动词的过去分词没有完成式，它有“完成”和“被动”的含义，但却没有强调该动作发生在谓语动词前。它有时可以用现在分词完成被动式去替换。eg:The bridge had been weakened by successive storms and was no longer safe.=Weakened by successive storms,the bridge was no longer safe.=Having been weakened by successive storms,the bridge was no longer safe.这座桥接二连三地遭到暴风雨的袭击后，己经不安全
49、了。,2.现在分词完成被动式：强调分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。（强调动作发生在先）eg:Having been warned about the bandits,he left his valuables at home。当警告有强盗出没时，他就把贵重物品留在家里。,_(tell)many times,he still couldnt understand._(give)a satisfactory operation,the patient recovered from illness very quickly.3)_(give)a satisfactory operation,the
50、 doctor believed the patient would recover from his illness very soon.,Having been told,Having been given,Having given,3.通常过去分词可作定语使用，而现在分词完成被动式却不能用作定语。eg:1)The computer centre,opened last year，is very popular among the students in this school.(MET 93)去年开办的计算机中心很受学生的欢迎。(过去分词既能表示被动又有完成的含义),2)The firs
