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1、Grammar,Noun clauses as the object and predicative,宾语从句和表语从句,五个基本句型,1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g.Henry is a businessman.2、主语+不及物动词：e.g.We arrive.3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g.Henry received a million pound bank note.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g.Oliver gave Henry a letter.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g.Henry found himself carried
2、out by the strong wind.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。,Related Conception(相关概念),1.名词:,表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。,2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?,名词在句中主要作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。,1.Henry is a businessman.,主语,表语,2.Henry,a businessman,received a million pound bank note.,主语,同位语,宾语,名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,主语从句在句中做-宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做-同位语
3、从句在句中-,主语,宾语,表语,同位语,What made Henry puzzled was unknown.主语从句The two brothers think that its very funny.宾语从句The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand,which.表语从句Henry,who was a businessman,received a million pound bank note.,同位语从句,宾语从句（The Object Clause）,宾语从句在复合句中起_作用，可以作动词的宾语，
4、也可以作介词的宾语。宾语从句必须用_语序。引导宾语从句的连词有that，if，whether；连接代词有who,whom,which,whose等；连接副词有when，where，how，why等。,宾语,陈述,一.that引导的宾语从句1.Oliver believes(that)a man could survive a month in London.2.Im afraid(that)I dont quite follow you,sir.3.I dont think(that)its very funny.4.My uncle said that he would come and t
5、hat he would also bring his son.5.We all agree(that)it would be convient to go there by bus.,1.归纳总结：that 在引导宾语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，且通常可以省略。但如果含有两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句时，通常只有第一个从句的that可以省略，其余从句的that一般不能省略。,2.归纳总结：否定转移:第一人称 I,we 与动词 think,consider,suppose猜想,believe,expect,guess,imagine等连用,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主
6、句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。,1.她坚持要把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。She insisted that she(should)organize the trip properly.2.他命令关闭所有的大门。He commanded that all the gates(should)be shut.3.我建议他应该更努力学习。I suggested that he(should)study harder.4.老师要求我们和睦相处。The teacher requests that we(should)get along well with each other.,3.总结归纳：在一些表示坚持、
7、命令、建议、要求等意义的动词后，that 宾语从句中谓语常用（should+）动词原形，表示虚拟。1.坚持：insist2.命令：order,command3.建议：suggest,propose,advise4.要求：desire,demand,require,request,We think it necessary that everyone should form a good habit.动词+it+形容词+that从句，it 为形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。,We think that middle school students master one foreign lan
8、guage possible.(改用形式宾语 it),We think it possible that middle school students master one foreign language.,4.归纳总结：it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语，而把真正的宾语-that从句后置,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。We heard it that she would get married next month.我们听说他下个月要结婚了。,我不知道他来不来。我想知道他来还是不来。你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？,I
9、dont know whether/if he will come.,I want to know whether he will come or not.,Are you talking about whether he will come?,I wonder if youd mind us asking a few questions.,二、whether/if 引导的宾语从句5.归纳总结：在宾语从句中，表示“是否”既可以用whether,也可以用if.但是，whether常与or not连用；作介词宾语只用whether.,Henry Adams does not know what h
10、e should do.(what在从句中作宾语)2.Do you know who will be sent to work there?（who在从句中作主语）3.Can you find out whose wallet it is?(whose在从句中作定语)4.Have you decided where you should have your holidays?（where在从句中作地点状语）5.She always think of how she can do more for the class.（how在从句中作方式状语）6.Can I speak whoever is
11、here?(作主语)7.Henry didnt give us any reason about why she had been late for the meeting.(作原因状语),6.归纳总结：连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，连接词都在从句中充当一定的成分。,7.在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句,Im sorry(that)I dont know.Were sure(that)our team will win.Im afraid(that)he wont pass
12、 the exam.,She asked Tom_was the matter with his car.2.Will you tell me _ I can keep healthy?3.This depends on _the money we have is enough.4.Her wish is _she could lose weight soon.5.Could you tell me _ Marry lives?,what,where,whether,that,how,牛刀小试：,1.The shocking news made me realize _ terrible pr
13、oblems we would face.(北京2011)A.what B.how C.that D.why,2.We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.(2010课标全国卷)A.that B.which C.what D.where,3.Before the sales start,I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.(山东2010)A.why B.what C.how D.which,4.Cindy shut the
14、door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.(湖南2010)A.where B.whether C.that D.why,5.How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with,whether his friends or relatives.(四川2010)A.what B.who C.how D.why,summary,一.that引导的宾语从句1.that省略情况2.否定前移3.th
15、at宾语从句中的虚拟语气4.that从句中it 作形式宾语二.whether/if引导的宾语从句三、其他连接词连接的宾语从句考点主要有：引导词，时态，语序,that 引导的表语从句 that 仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。e.g.The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.,在复合句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。,2.whether 引导的表语从句 连接词whether起连接作用，意为“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引导表语从句)在句中也不作
16、任何成分。e.g.The question is whether what man will turn up in time.,3.what,which,who,whom,whose引导的表语从句连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。,The Predicative Clause,e.g.Tom is no longer what he used to be.The question is which of us should come first.The problem is who is real
17、ly fit for the hard job.The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.,4.where,when,why,how引导的表语从句 连接副词where,when,why,how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。,The Predicative Clause,e.g.Thats where I cant agree with you.This is why Sara was late for the meeting.This is how
18、 they overcome the difficulties.My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.,5.其他连词as if,because,as though 引导的表语从句 because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is because”结构中。as if/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。,The Predicative Clause,名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句,在这种句型
19、中，常用表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact,truth 或表示看法，观点的名词，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主语。,如：1.The fact is that our team has won the game.2.The truth is that she was the very person who informed against her husband.,注 意：,在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“If”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。It is/was because.It is/
20、was why.3.The reason(why/for)is/was that.4 The reason is because/why,that.,高考链接,1.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh,thats_.A.what makes me feel excitedB.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited,A,解析：这是由what 引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为A。
21、,2.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that_ you had a few days off?(NMET1999)A.why B.when C.what D.where,解析:这是一个由why引导的表语从句,表示原因.这句话的意思是这就是你离开的原因吗?。故答案为A。,A,3.Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes to do anything well.(2002上海春季)A.what B.that C.which D.why,解析:what在表语从句中
22、作takes的宾语,构成It takes sth.to do sth.的句型。答案为A。,A,1.Thats _ the Party called on us to do.A.why B.what C.how D.that 2.The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.A.because B.why C.that D.Whether3.That is _ they separated.A.that B.what C.which D.why4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago.A.w
23、hat B.which C.that D.when,He said the text was very important and we should learn it by heart.2.My worry is that he can get there on time.3.The reason why he failed was because he hadnt studied hard.4.What we need are time.5.Here are two books.You can take whatever you want.,is,that,whether,that,whi
24、chever,改错。,用宾语从句或表语从句翻译下列句子。,1.老师说月亮绕着地球转。The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth.2.他们都在担心是否能按时到达那里。They are all worrying about whether they can get there on time.,3.我觉得他们按时完成自己的任务是很重要的。I think it is important for them to finish their own task on time.4.问题是这本书是否有读的价值。The question is whe
25、ther the book is worth reading.,5.我不知道汤姆今天早上为什么没来。I dont know why Tom didnt come this morning.6.我的意见是你不应单独前往。My opinion is that you should not go alone.7.今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。China today is no longer what she used to be.,8.那是因为他没有理解我。Thats because he didnt understand me.9.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。My suggestion is t
26、hat we(should)start early tomorrow morning.10.谁知道将来会发生什么？Who knows what will happen in the future?,1.He told me _ he would go to college the next year.2.I dont know _ there will be a bus.3.I really dont know _ you should depend on if you dont depend on your parents.,用适当的词填空，使下列宾语从句和表语从句意思完整。,that/不填
27、,if/whether,whom/who,4.He didnt tell me _ he would come back from Shanghai next time.5.Let me know _ train youll be arriving on.6.Can you work out _ much we will spend during the trip?7.Make sure _ there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.,when,which,how,that,8.We think it necess
28、ary _ we take plenty of hot water every day.9.Tom is very lazy.That is _ he didnt pass the exam.10.This is _ we found the strange trees.11.My idea is _ we should all do our best to do everything well.,that,why,where/how,that,12.It looked _ he had understood this question.13.The reason why I was sad was _ he didnt understand me.14.His first question was _ Mr.Smith had arrived or not.15.We all find it important _ we(should)make a quick decision about this matter.,that,as if,that,whether,
