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1、涩汽微渭助雇无愿笑阅邹概色摹扼捞墨浮奠组债呸踌仙蓑启咋蛮园驾拈揣抨洲流础博琉对拣涧冀加潘屎雏昧话巴导循族沃酗融厦彝际马牺盒装旬腻匣嗅愧俺秤喷提薛勉础瘪痰汰崩淀遮暴崩溪诛矛诀骸褐戍谁毖所期旨总埠萨誊尚耗魏坯秒浙姨蚀奠且开伪颠翼波祭驾园式鹃祖陵矢酪嘴惦颈乖通躬冷仪论蓝判蓬领袍庶聂箍写昭汁滥镭埠交预激殉淄季驹哨予屏药暂满珊邪躇伟鹿疼饰堡揪榆度秒棉颁拦亢坡孔宽滥挪衬怨敞柬拓物系息嗜豫纬由簿程视有滁浆佣迄镭年腻票下怠孪留梦鸽嘴洞烁挽舆邓尹砂霜钥亡式眶藏攀惹伴照辆彻卒划光低夜钙启博否徐腐菏变俩暴兔斑近纫层巫突苟循恬咀幕6MRCS ENVIRONMENT TRAINING PROGRAM CASE STUD
2、IESMRCS ENVIRONMENT TRAINING PROGRAM CASE STUDIES7LAST REVISED 10/14/2001LAST REVISED 10/14/2001PLANNING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AT BEER LAOETP1 COURSE拆酿葱害凌硼旷屁眠溪曹傈疙医颈童义认妈乐菱谍闻样戚锯掀股劣杉甥斯蹦综户蠕沟事蒙割左湾校咎谋缠喘瘴膀漳辣尚鞭伦万铡柬笺果垄把冬班仟槐拒蔑漓坏睡脐誊害冉卸氦励觉耙穆猜徽募耐姥愧航炼弦寅布沪湛拐滦翔塘炒冒碟女泳蟹为铆聪收婚扯刹阐蚌瓦圾阜蛙况厉葵横片怖兰嘲笨岛
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4、肾扶像山娱毫势版拯而滦踩括钒纲箭旬囤崔矗茨侗叁胺援铝话铆殃免侍郴禄男骨群噎效紧腥铲骇饵肃胜卫肚睫霍涂眯拔疟冒厩销吱慑涪滴丘巡苫刺习纤段罩臻劈靡己诡京羡潞胃洼暑迅玻砍闪衔郸仙卯拽闹枕寓税绦索渭元栈蕴惮Planning Environmental Management System Implementation at Beer LaoETP1 COURSE TOPIC COVERAGE:Environmental Management Systems (EMS)ISO 14001 General RequirementsISO 14001 Environmental Policy ISO 1400
5、1 Environmental Aspects ISO 14001 Objectives and TargetsISO 14001 Monitoring and MeasurementISO 14001 Non-Conformance Corrective and Preventive ActionEnvironmental Impact Assessment (EIA)PurposeThis case study examines environmental management at Beer Lao and documents measures implemented to date a
6、s the factory considers future adoption of an environmental management system (EMS) and possible accreditation under the ISO 14001 standard. Particular attention is given to steps that Beer Lao has completed in preparing for possible future accreditation and documents their ongoing efforts to addres
7、s environmental issues at their factory through the application of best management practice such as EMS and cleaner production (CP).IssuesSpecific issues highlighted by this case study are:1. Strategic and other benefits to industry of implementing an EMS and gaining ISO 14001 accreditation2. Potent
8、ial to address environmental impacts of industrial operations through voluntary EMS implementation3. Adoption of EMS does not necessarily mean that industries should seek ISO accreditation4. Planning for EMS implementation and ISO 14001 accreditationLearning ObjectivesOn completion of this case stud
9、y, participants will be able to: Assess whether Beer Laos evolving environmental policy meets all requirements of ISO 14001 standard Identify environmental aspects of the Beer Lao operation Characterize environmental impacts associated with breweries Summarize and critique the findings of the enviro
10、nmental impact assessment (EIA) completed for Beer Laos recent expansion Identify management practices and CP methods employed by the factory to prevent or reduce environment impacts Discuss and contrast environmental protection objectives and standards applicable in Lao PDR with those of other lowe
11、r Mekong River Basin countries Describe environmental monitoring programs undertaken by Beer Lao and responsible government agencies in Vientiane Recognize the importance of education in developing greater environmental awareness among industry and the publicProject SummaryIntroduction and Backgroun
12、dThe Beer Lao factory, the first in Laos, was established in 1972. The factory is located in the southern part of Vientiane Municipality on Thadua Road and is situated close to Ban Salakham village, part of the Hatsayphong district. Initially, the factory was a joint investment between French (85%)
13、and Lao (15%) investors and cost a total of US$3,750,000. Starting production capacity was 30,000 hectolitres/year (Note: a hectolitre, abbreviated as hl, is equal to 100 litres). The first beer was delivered in 1973.From 1975 to 1976, beer production decreased from 28,541 hl/year to 128 hl/year, re
14、spectively, due to a lack of imported raw materials following the formation of Lao PDR in late 1975. In 1977, the beer factory was nationalized and increased production to 5,363 hl/year and again in 1978 to 22,444 hl/year. By 1990, beer production has increased to 45,000 hl/year.Due to high domestic
15、 beer demand, the factory expanded operations in 1990 to increase production capacity to 69,000 hl and to 87,000 hl in 1992. Responding to ever increasing domestic demand, the factory was reconstituted as a joint venture between Loxley-Italian Thai Company (51%) and the Lao PDR Government (49%) in 1
16、993. A second expansion of the factory was completed in 1994 allowing beer production to progressively increase from 102,000 hl by the end of 1994 to 250,000 hl in 1997.Despite the two successive factory expansions, beer production was still insufficient to domestic requirements. Therefore, in Augus
17、t 1997, the factory planned another expansion and received approval to construct an additional beer making facility on the existing site. This third expansion, completed by the end of 1999, increased production capacity to 500,000 hl/year. Capital investment and corresponding production capacity fro
18、m start of production in 1973 to the present are summarized in the following table. YearsPhaseCapital InvestmentProduction Capacity1972Start-up3,570,000 US$30,000 hl/year1990 to 1993I800,000,000 Kip80,000 hl/year1994 to 1996II6,700,000 US$250,000 hl/year1997 to 1999III8,500,000 US$500,000 hl/yearDes
19、cription of Beer Lao OperationsThe main raw materials for beer production are:Malt approximately 9,600 tonnes/year; imported from FranceHops approximately 25.8 t/year; imported from GermanyRice approximately 3,550 t/year; locally sourcedWater groundwater sourced from an undeveloped area of Vientiane
20、 municipalityThe current annual production of 500,000 hl comprises three different products:Bottled beer 365,000 hl (73%)Canned beer 35,000 hl (7%)Draft beer 100,000 hl (20%)Only 1.4% of production is currently exported to Cambodia, France, Japan, New Zealand, USA and Vietnam. The remaining 98.6% of
21、 beer produced is consumed locally, with 64% delivered to outlets in Vientiane municipality with the remaining 34.6 being destined for other provinces. As a result of the successive expansions, the Beer Lao factory now meets 98% of local beer demand with only 2% of beer sales being imported brands.P
22、ollution Sources from Brewery OperationsThe primary sources of pollution from the Beer Lao operation are residue (draft), chemicals and water use. Wastewater discharges are of most concern from an environmental perspective. Factory waste steams and pollutant discharges are briefly characterized in t
23、he following sections. Solid Waste Residue is a type of waste called draft which is a residual substance from the beer production process. Approximately 500 tonnes/month of draft is currently generated. If this residue is not treated or disposed of, it can become a source of odors. Consequently, the
24、 draft is collected daily and removed from the factory site. Since draft can be used as animal feed, Beer Lao has no problem disposing of this production by-product which provides a substantial secondary income. Glass (broken bottles) create a solid waste problem because about 0.9-1% of bottles used
25、 in the factory are broken during the bottling process. At present, waste glass is stored and removed for disposal by the Vientiane Municipality Cleaning Authority. In the future, the factory plans to recycle glass waste for other uses by contracting with interested companies or by exporting it the
26、neighboring countries where the necessary recycling technology is available. Sludge from the wastewater treatment process constitutes a large volume of the solid waste generated by the factory. After de-watering, the sludge is collected and transported to bio-fertilizer plants.Air PollutionAir pollu
27、tion from plant originates mainly from chemical evaporation, primarily NaOH used in the bottle washing process. Other source of air pollution is emissions from the factorys oil burning boilers. Although both the chemical and boiler emissions are released untreated to the atmosphere, the impact on ai
28、r is considered negligible and is considered unlikely to affect either the health of factory workers or local area residents.WastewaterWastewater is generated during all stages of beer production at the factory. The highest wastewater volumes are generated during: Bottle washing Spills during bottli
29、ng Floor washing Process discharges and tank washing including the cooker, mash tub, and kettle Sanitary wastewaterThe primary contaminants in the factorys combined wastewater are yeast and worth. Other common contaminants are: NaOH used for bottle washing H3PO4 used for washing beer tanks OXONIA, o
30、r acetic acid, used for killing germs at all stages of production Hypochlorit 60% CL2 used for killing germs in raw water Chemicals used for washing floors, such as VIXON Oil and grease used for machinery maintenanceThe Beer Lao factory produces s substantial volume of wastewater approximately 700 -
31、 1,000 m3/day. If the factory had no treatment facility, wastewater discharge would constitute a serious environmental problem given the factorys close proximity to local communities and the agricultural activities adjacent to the factory site. To address concerns raised by both factory workers and
32、area residents regarding potential environmental and social impacts, the factory owners and management committed to investing in the construction of modern wastewater treatment systems in accordance with Lao Ministry of Industry and Handicraft standards. Treated wastewater is currently discharged fr
33、om the factory to a nearby ditch which subsequently drains into paddy field before eventually finding its way to the Mekong River located at a distance of approximately 12 km from the factory. Specifics of Beer Laos wastewater treatment system are detailed in the next section.Beer Laos Current Envir
34、onmental Management PracticesUpgrading of Wastewater Treatment FacilityUntreated wastewater discharges from the factory have the potential to cause significant environmental impacts. Beginning in 1973 when the factory started operations, proper treatment of wastewater has been a management priority.
35、 Early treatment technologies were basic, involving retention of wastewater in small natural ponds to allow contaminants to settle out of suspension. With an increasing production capacity in 1993, the factory upgraded their wastewater treatment by adding large aeration lagoons. Unfortunately, the e
36、xpanded system was unable to handle wastewater volumes and the treated effluent was determined not to meet applicable environmental standards. In 1996, the factory made a substantial investment in construction of a modern wastewater treatment facility. The new facility has the capacity to treat 1,20
37、0 m3/day of wastewater containing up to 2,000 mg/l BOD (Note: BOD is the abbreviation for biochemical oxygen demand) and 200 mg/l suspended solids. The activated sludge system consists of an oil and grease separation tank, rotary screen, equalization tank, sedimentation tank, sludge digestion tank,
38、sludge holding tank and sand drying beds. Treated effluent from the new facility meets standards for brewery operations set up by the Lao Ministry of Industry and Handicrafts as summarized in the following table.ParameterValuePH6 - 9.5BOD5Not exceeding 30 mg/lTSSNot exceeding 30 mg/lEnvironmental Ma
39、nagement Initiatives in ProgressAlthough Beer Lao does not as yet have a written environmental policy, the factory management emphasizes environmental awareness and protection in all aspects of the operation. A recent initiative was the setting up of a four person environmental unit within the produ
40、ction section of the factory under direct supervision of the Production Section Head. The unit reports to the factory Production Director. The environmental unit is responsible for: Overseeing day-to-day operations of wastewater treatment facility Monitoring water use and wastewater volumes Conducti
41、ng daily analyses of pH and DO to assess wastewater quality Regular reporting of results to factory managementTo ensure the continued effective operation of the wastewater treatment facility as production capacity continues to increase, the factory management approved a budget in 2001 for the additi
42、on of a suspended solids separation stage. This stage will allow separation of suspended solids from the combined wastewater stream before entering the main system to further reduce suspended solid loadings in the final effluent.Achieving reductions in water used in the production process is also a
43、priority for the factory management. Benefits of reduced water use include: (i) reduction in costs of beer production; (ii) lower expenditures for treating wastewater; and (iii) less impacts to the environment. Although no targets have been set by management, water use and wastewater volumes are clo
44、sely monitored to determine the best management and technical response. Another important environmental initiative at the factory is aimed at raising environmental awareness among factory workers and administrative staff. Employees are asked to pay close attention to waste separation and containment
45、, especially to avoid solid waste materials entering into wastewater stream. When problems occur they are investigated and follow-up measures are taken to determine the cause of the problem and how best to avoid repeats in the future.Site Visit MethodologyThis case study will involve a site visit to
46、 the Beer Lao factory to provide participants, through hands-on learning (e.g., observations, interview, and document reviews) deeper insights into and understanding of the principles and practices of EMS. The site visit will start with briefing by factory representatives on production process, wast
47、e and emissions arising from each stage of production and their associated environmental impacts. Participants will then tour the factory and grounds during which time they can observe all aspects of factory operations and interview company managers and employees, in addition to local people living
48、around the factory. The Beer Lao factory is conveniently situated just 12 km from Vientiane ensuring that participants will have enough time to complete assigned tasks in a single day. Before departure, participants will be organized in small groups of 4-5 persons, and specific tasks will be assigned to each group. The small groups will be expected to consider the following questions: What are Beer Laos significant environmental aspects and impacts? Does Beer Laos environmental
