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1、名词讲解一、名词的分类类别意义例词专有名词表示人、地方、组织机构或事物等的专有名词Lu Xun, China,Handan, WTO普通名词可数名词个体名词表示一类人或物的个体apple, pencil,doctor, teacher集体名词表示一群人或一类物的集合体people, family,team, class不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物air, sand,water, rain抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念peace, friendship,happiness二、名词的数名词分为可数和不可数名词。物质名词与抽象名词一般属于不可数名词，它们只有单数形式；个体名
2、词和集体名词一般是可数名词，通常有单数和复数两种形式。1. 单数变复数的规则情况构成方法例词一般情况直接加smap-maps / bag-bags / car-_以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y 为i，再加esbaby-babies / family-_以“元音字母+y”结尾直接加sday-days / monkey-_以s, sh, ch, x等结尾直接加esbus-buses / watch-_以f或fe结尾变f或fe为veswife-wives / knife-_部分以o结尾加eshero-heroes / tomato-_【注】 ch读/k/时，其复数形式应加s，如stomachs（胃，腹部
3、） 常见的以o结尾要加es的有如下几个：hero, Negro, tomato, potato, mango，可记为“黑人英雄爱吃两菜一果”。 以f或fe结尾变f或fe为ves的词有如下：妻子拿刀去宰狼，小偷吓得着了慌，躲进架子保己命，半片树叶遮目光。2. 不规则复数形式构成方法例词a变eman-men, woman-_, policeman-_, Frenchman-_oo变eetooth-teeth, foot-_, goose-_ouse变为icemouse-mice, louse-_词尾加renchild-children单复数同形deer, sheep, Chinese, Japan
4、ese, reindeer【注】 man，woman作定语修饰别的名词时，要把man，woman和其他部分都变成复数，如man teacher men teachers，woman doctor - _； 不规则复数形式的记忆口诀：男女警察英法人，都是将man变成men。脚、牙oo变ee，child加上ren。鹿和绵羊是一家，单变复时不变化。3. “某国人”的复数形式“中日不变英法变，其余s加后边”国家名国籍单数复数China中国人a Chinesetwo ChineseJapan日本人a Japanesetwo JapaneseEngland英国人An Englishmantwo Engli
5、shmenFrance法国人a Frenchmantwo FrenchmenAustralia澳大利亚人an Australiantwo AustraliansRussia俄国人a Russiantwo RussiansItaly意大利人an Italiantwo ItaliansGreece希腊人a Greektwo GreeksAmerica美国人an Americantwo AmericansIndia印度人an Indiantwo IndiansCanada加拿大人a Canadiantwo CanadiansGermany德国人a Germanstwo GermansSweden瑞典
6、人a Swedetwo Swedes三、名词所有格在英语中，特别是表示有生命的名词，可以加s表示所属关系，名词的这种形式我们称之为名词的所有格。1. 有生命的名词所有格（1）单数名词的所有格加s。如：Mothers Day_the little girls doll_（2）以s结尾的复数名词所有格只加。如：Teachers Day_the students books_（3）姓氏以s结尾，也可直接加。如：Jones office琼斯的办公室（4）不规则的复数名词变所有格加s。如：childrens books儿童读物Womens Day_（5）表示两人共有时，只在最后一个名词后加s。如：莉莉和
7、露西的爸爸_约翰和玛丽的课桌_（6）表示两人各自所有时，则两个专有名词都要用所有格形式，而且后面所修饰的名词要用复数形式。如：王林的爸爸和李坤的爸爸_露西的房间和莉莉的房间_2. 无生命的名词所有格（1）无生命的名词所有格常用of结构表示，如：the leg of the table _the cover of the book _（2）表示国家、时间、距离、重量和价值等的名词通过词尾变化表示所有，如：Chinas future_todays newspaper_十分钟的路程_两周的假期_3. 双重所有格双重所有格就是将of结构与s结构或名词性物主代词一起使用，如：a friend of To
8、ms _a friend of mine _4. 表示住宅、办公室或店铺的名词所有格后面一般省略它所修饰的名词，如：at Johns (home) _at the doctors (office) _at the barbers (shop) _跟踪练习一 找出下列笑话中的可数名词，并写出其复数形式：In the market, a buyer asked a seller “How much is this cat, please?” “100 dollars.” “But you only asked for 20 dollars yesterday!” “Yes, thats true.
9、 But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80 dollars!”二 找出不可数名词，在横线上打勾，并将可数名词变成复数形式：homework _ half _ advice_ money _ knowledge _boot _music _ chicken _ mouth _bread _information _milk _cow _ orange _ water _三 选择填空：1The deer has four _.A. footB. feetC. feetsD. foots2Her two brothers
10、 are both _.A. policemanB. policemansC. policemenD. policemens3There are four _ and two _ in the group.A. Japanese, GermenB. Japaneses, GermenC. Japanese, Germans4Two _ would come to the village.A. woman-doctorsB. women doctorC. women doctorsD. woman doctors5Can you see nine _ in the picture?A. shee
11、pB. dogC. pigD. horse6The _ has two _.A. boys, watchesB. boy, watchC. boy, watchesD. boys, watch7The boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed.A. toothB. toothsC. teethD. teeths8The Japanese _ will not leave China until she finishes her study.A. womanB. womenC. manD. men9There are lots of _ in t
12、he basket on the table.A. tomatosB. tomatoC. tomatoesD. tomatoss10. The cat caught two _ last night.A. mousesB. miceC. mouseD. mices四 名词所有格练习：1. _(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.2. This is _(我妹妹的语文书)3. _(John和Sally的母亲) are American.4. _(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager.5. Is this _(你的好朋友的钢笔) ?6. They are
13、_(Peter 和Sam的老师).7. _(教师节) is on September 10th .8. _(学生们的桌椅) are very new.9. We are very happy on _(儿童节).10. _(赵敏的鞋) are white.五 名词复数形式和数词的练习：1. There are _(58个学生)in our class.2. There are _(22个孩子) in the room.3. I can see _(六杯茶) on the table.4. There are _(44位女老师) in her school.5. We can see _(18个
14、妇女) over there.6. _(多少幅画) are there in you bedroom?7. I have _(3本字典).8. Our school has _(2个图书馆) .9. There are _(12个月) in a year.10. There are _(13辆公共汽车) on the street.初中英语名词练习题、基本型写出下列名词的复数形式：1. pencil-box _ 2. wife _ 3. Sunday_4. city_ 5. dress _6. Englishman _7. match _ 8. Chinese _9. zoo _10. exa
15、m_ 11. German _12. I have a lot of _(作业) to do every day.13. His _(裤子) are new, but mine are old.14. It is the best one of the _ (照片) in my family.15. Are they building any _ (图书馆) in the city?16. Can you cut this big pear into two _(半)?17. At the end of _(八月), you must get ready for the new school
16、year.18. Trees are planted in most of the mountain v_.19. I like a_. Its neither hot nor cold.20. T_ comes after Monday.、提高型1. June 1st is _ Day all over the world.A. Childs B. Childs C. ChildrensD. Childrens2. September 10th is _ Day in China, isnt it?A. TeachersB. TeachersC. TeacherD. Teacher of3.
17、 _ is made of _.A. Glass; glassB. A glass; glassC. Glasses; glasses D. A glass; glasses4. This is _ news.A. such a good B. a very good C. so good a D. such good5. What _ it is! Lets go swimming.A. a fine weatherB. fine dayC. a fine dayD. bad weather6. They like Chinese _.A. food and peoples B. foods
18、 and people C. foods and people D. food and people7. Lucy and I go to school _ every day.A. on feetB. on footC. by footsD. by buses8. Are those _? -No, they arent. Theyre _.A. sheep; cowsB. sheep; cowC. sheeps; cow D. sheeps; cows9. What are you listening to, Jane? _ or _?A. a music; a newsB. music;
19、 newsC. music; newsD. music; a news10. How many _ and _ are there in your class?A. boy student; girl ones B. girls students; boys onesC. boys student; girl one D. girl students; boy ones11.A group of _ are talking with two _ over there.A. Frenchmen; Germans B. Frenchmen; GermenC. German; Frenchmen D
20、. Germans; Frenchmans12. That bus driver drank two _.A. glass of water B. glasses of waters C. cups of tea D. cup of tea13. Mrs. Smith is an old friend of _.A. Bobs motherB. Bobs mothersC. mother of BobD. Bob mothers14. The tall man with a big nose is _ teacher.A. Tom and Carl B. Toms and Carls C. T
21、om and Carls15. There is _ tree in our school.A. a 8-metres-tall B. an-8-metre-tall C. an 8 metres tall、综合型1. In _ time, those mountains will be covered with trees.A.fewyear B. a few years C. few years D. a few years2. Did you hear the _ report?A. police B. policemens C. policemans D. policemens3. W
22、e bought _ for my mothers birthday.A. some meats B. some pieces meat C. a piece of meat D. pieces of meats4. Whose is this new desk?-Its _.A. Sue and Jims B. Sue and Jim C. Sues and Jims5. Would you like _ coffee?-No, thanks. Ive drunk two _.A.any; bottles of orange B. little; bottle of orangesC. so
23、me; bottles of orange D. a few; bottle of orange6. How many _ do you want?-Two, please.A. kilos of egg B. kilo of eggs C. kilos of eggs D. kilo of bread7. The railway station is two _ from our house.A. hours drive B. hours drive C. hour-drive D. hours drive8. Where are you going, Lucy?-_.A. To my un
24、cle B. To my uncles C. At my uncle D. At my uncles9. Have you read _?A. a newspaper of todays B. today newspaper C. todays newspaper10. Therere a lot of _ down there, but hardly any _.A. horse; people B. horses; peoples C. cow; people D. sheep; people11. Lucy put a lot of _ in _ of tea. (2000西安)A. s
25、ugar; the two cup B. sugars; the two cupsC. sugar; the two cups D. sugars; two cups12. Mr. Lin often gives us _ by e-mail. (2000上海)A. some good information B. some good informationsC. good informations D. a good information13. Is this your room?-No, its _ room.(2000广州)A. box of apple B. boxes of app
26、les C. box of apples D. boxes of apple17. Help yourself to some _.-Thank you. I really like them.(2001汕头)A. fish B. orange C. bread D. cakes18. This is an old photo of mine when I _. (2001吉林)A. have short hairs B. had short hairsC. have short hair D. had short hair19. Where is _ sweater? I cant see
27、it.(2001四川)A. Lucy B. Lucys C. Lucys20. The little baby has two _ already.(2001天津)A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths21. We all had _ last month. Did you travel to anywhere?A. seven days holiday B. seven days holidayC. seven-days holiday D. a seven-days holiday22. Yesterday a few _ came to visit some _ in Shantou.A. German; places of interest B. Germans; places of interestsC. Germans; places of interest D. Germen; places of interest23. When autumn comes, _ of most trees turn yellow and then fall down.A. leaf B. leafs C. leave D. leaves
