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1、TRAIL BRIDGE INSPECTIONBRIDGE INSPECTION PROCEDURES,Objectives:,Learn the different inspection methodsLearn a standard procedure to conduct routine bridge inspectionLearn what to look for during an inspection,Bridges Inspection Methods,There are three basic methods used to inspect a timber bridge.Th
2、ey include:VisualPhysicalAdvanced inspection techniques,Visual Inspections,For timber members,visual inspections reveal areas that need further investigation such as checks,splits,shakes,fungus decay,deflection,or loose fasteners.,Types of Visual Inspections,Cursory InspectionInvolves reviewing the
3、previous inspection report and visually examining the membersInvolves a visual assessment to identify obvious defects“Hands-on”Inspection.Requires the inspector to visually assess all defective timber surfaces at a distance no further than an arms lengthTimber surfaces are given close visual attenti
4、on to quantify and qualify any defects.,Physical Examination,Once the defects are identified visuallyPhysical procedures are then used to find out the extent of the deterioration or decayThe basic methods for physical examination are:Pick TestSounding,Pick Test,Probing with a pointed tool such as an
5、 awl will locate decay near the wood surface.Decay will be evidenced by excessive softness or lack of resistance to the probe penetration and the breakage pattern of the splinters.A brash break indicates decayed wood,whereas a crisp splintered break with the splinter hinging from one end indicates s
6、ound wood.,Pick Test,Decayed wood breaks abruptly across grain without splintering.,Sound wood pries out as long splinters.,Sounding,Sounding the surface by striking it with a hammer is one of the oldest and most commonly used inspection methods.Although sounding is widely used,interpretation is VER
7、Y subjective.Soundings are based on the tonal quality of the ensuing sounds and the rebound of the hammer Practical experience has shown that sounding is only useful for members less than 4 inches thick.,Sounding,Interpreting Soundings:Sound timber gives a crisp sound.Defective timber gives a dull s
8、ound.Loose hardware will vibrate.Note:A 2 inch thick shellof competent wood is sufficient to maskany interior rot.,Advanced Inspection Techniques,Other types of advanced inspection techniques are:Coring and DrillingResistograph DrillStress Wave MeterMoisture MeterThese techniques are beyond the scop
9、e of this training course.,General Bridge Inspection Procedures,The bridge inspection procedure should be completed by the numbers.Which means the bridge is inspected in a methodical way from either top to bottom or bottom to top.It is important to document the inspection.,General Bridge Inspection
10、Procedures,Documentation should include:An inspection report and notesAnd lots of photographsPhotographs should be a minimum of 10 pictures with additional pictures of problem areas.,General Bridge Inspection Procedures,Minimum required photographs:Near approach looking at the bridgeFar approach loo
11、king at the bridgeBridge deck and railingUnderside of the deck and beamsUpstream looking downstream at the bridgeDownstream looking upstream at the bridgeLooking upstream from the bridgeLooking downstream from the bridgeNear side substructureFar side substructure,Near and far approaches looking at t
12、he bridge,Bridge Deck and Railing,Underside of Deck and Beams,Looking upstream and downstream from the bridge deck,Looking upstream and downstream at the bridge,Looking at right and left abutments,Additional Photos,Anything that needs to be noted or watched.,Starting an Inspection,First conduct a cu
13、rsory visual inspection of the entire bridge looking for indications of problems.,Cursory Visual Inspection,Look for:Sagging or twisted beamsHanging or broken beamsPounding waterSettlement,Next,conduct a hands-on visual inspection of the bridge parts taking into account any indications of problem fo
14、und during the cursory inspection.During the hands-on visual inspection,the inspector should look for signs of deterioration or decay that will require a physical examination.,Where to look for decay?,Where to look for decay?,Around ChecksAround SplitsAround ShakesAround CracksAround FastenersAreas
15、in contact with soilAreas where debris and water collect,Conduct the inspection BY THE NUMBERSStart at the top of the bridge and work your way down the load paths.This will help you from missing any parts of the structure.,One Inspection order could be:Railings/curbsDecking(Planks)Superstructure(Bea
16、ms,Stringers)Substructure(Abutments,Sills)ChannelApproachesSignage,General Bridge Inspection Procedures,1)Inspection of railings/curbingThings to looking for?Missing rails,posts,curbs or hardwareBroken rails,posts or curbsDeteriorated(rotten)rails,posts or curbs,1)Inspection of railings/curbing,Miss
17、ing rails,posts,curbs or hardware,1)Inspection of railings/curbing,Broken rails,posts or curbs,1)Inspection of railings/curbing,Deteriorated(rotten)rails,posts or curbs,General Bridge Inspection Procedures,2)Inspection of deckingThings to looking for?Missing planks or hardwareBroken planks or hardwa
18、reDeteriorated(rotten)planksWear of the deckDebris on deck,2)Inspection of decking,Missing planks or hardware,2)Inspection of decking,Broken planks or hardware,2)Inspection of decking,Deteriorated(rotten)planks,2)Inspection of decking,Wear of the deck,2)Inspection of decking,Debris on deck,General B
19、ridge Inspection Procedures,3)Inspection of superstructureThings to looking for?Sagging beamsBroken or cracked beamsMissing hardwareDeteriorated(rotten)beamsImpact damage of beams from floating debris or ice,3)Inspection of superstructure,Sagging beams,3)Inspection of superstructure,Broken or cracke
20、d beams,3)Inspection of superstructure,Deteriorated(rotten)beams,3)Inspection of superstructure,Impact damage of beams from floating debris or ice,General Bridge Inspection Procedures,4)Inspection of substructureThings to looking for?Settlement of the substructureMissing substructure or hardwareDete
21、riorated(rotten)substructureDamage of substructure from floating debris or iceScour damage,4)Inspection of substructure,Settlement of the substructure,4)Inspection of substructure,Deteriorated(rotten)substructure,4)Inspection of substructure,Scour damage,4)Inspection of substructure,Other things to
22、look for:Missing substructure or hardwareDamage of substructure from floating debris or ice,General Bridge Inspection Procedures,5)Inspection of the ChannelThings to looking for?Degrading of the stream(down cutting)Aggrading of the stream(deposits)Scour of the banksLoss of bank protectionFloating de
23、bris or Ice damage,General Bridge Inspection Procedures,6)Inspection of approachesThings to looking for?Approach material washed awaySlumping of the approaches at the backwallUnraveling at the edges of trailPotholes,General Bridge Inspection Procedures,7)Inspection of signsThings to looking for?Brok
24、en or damaged signs and postsDont forget to count the bullet holesMissing fastnersMissing signs/object markers for ATV and Snowmobile bridges,References,FHWA Bridge Inspection Reference ManualFHWA Field Manual for Timber Bridge Inspection,DraftFPL Controlling Decay in Water Front StructuresFPL Timber Bridges Design,Construction,Inspection and MaintenanceFPL Wood HandbookFPS Wood and Timber Condition Assessment ManualR6 Trail Bridge InspectionR10 Training PowerPoints,EndBridge Inspection Procedures,
