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1、National Institutes of Health,美国国立卫生研究院,美国最主要的医学与行为学研究和资助机构，美国公共健康服务中心的下属部门之一，隶属美国卫生与人类服务署(HHS).自 1938 年至今，NIH 及其附属机构的总部位于马里兰州 Bethesda，占地超过 300 英亩，拥有 75 座建筑，资产已从 1887 年的 300 美元增至 2002 年的 234 亿美元。,国立肿瘤研究所(National Cancer Institute)科学评审中心(Center for Scientific Review)国立心、肺、血液病研究所(National Heart,Lung,
2、and Blood Institute)国立眼科研究所(National Eye Institute)国立人类基因组研究所(National Human Genome Research Institute)国立药物滥用研究所(National Institute on Drug Abuse)国立老化研究所(National Institute on Aging)国立环境卫生研究所(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences)国立酒精滥用与中毒研究所(National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alc
3、oholism)国立综合医学研究所(National Institute of General Medical Sciences)国立变态反应与感染性疾病研究所(National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)国立精神卫生研究所(National Institute of Mental Health)国立关节肌肉骨骼及皮肤病研究所(National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases)国立神经病学与卒中研究所(National Institute o
4、f Neurological Disorders and Stroke)国立儿童健康与人类发育研究所(National Institute of Child Health and Human Development)国立护理医学研究所(National Institute of Nursing Research)国立耳聋与其他交流障碍性疾病研究所(National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders)国立医学图书馆(National Library of Medicine)1968 年归属 NIH 国立口腔与颅面研究所
5、(National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research)国立研究资源中心(National Center for Research Resources)John E.Fogarty 国际中心(John E.Fogarty International Center，FIC)1968 国立糖尿病消化与肾病研究所(National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases)国立补充与替代医学研究中心(相对于常规医学疗法而言,National Center for Comple
6、mentary and Alternative Medicine)国立生物医学影像学与生物工程学研究所(National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering)Warren Grant Magnuson 临床医学中心(Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center)信息技术中心(Center for Inxxxxation Technology)国立少数民族健康与健康水平差别研究中心(National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities)
7、,美国国立卫生研究院,美国国家医学图书館,1836年 成立(Joseph Lovell)1840年 Dr.Thomas Lawson 编写第一部目录(134册图书馆藏)1864年 出版第一本目录(2100册藏书),1836-1921:陆军军医署图书馆(The Library of the Army Surgeon Generalss Office)1922:陆军医学图书馆(The Army Medical Library)1952:三军医学图书馆(The Armed Forced Medical Library)1956年8月:由艾林豪总统批准该项法案，正式改名为国家医学图书馆(Nationa
8、l Library of Medicine-NLM),1.图书馆的图书馆2.数据库的制造者3.NLM类表与MeSH的编制者和维护者4.生物医学信息之相关研究与发展的领导者5.各种研究计划经费的赞助者6.各种教育训练的提供者,美国国立生物技术信息中心,PubMed医学文献检索服务系统,My NCBI,Searching PubMed,MeSH Database,Terms in the database are calledMedical Subject Headings or MeSH.,is a“controlled vocabulary list”of more than19,000 su
9、bject headings.,10-15 MeSH are assigned to each articlein PubMed.,The MeSH index of 10-15 subject headingsis like a keyword abstract of the article.,MeSH are updated annually in December.,A Anatomy,C Diseases,B Organisms,D Drugs,Other Categories Include:,Create a Search Strategy Plan,Identify the qu
10、estion and key concepts:,Speech therapy in the rehabilitationof brain injuries or stroke,Write the search program using keywords and subject headings.,(Note:If there is a Boolean ORRelationship,start with the“OR”statement first.),(Note:If there is a Boolean ORRelationship,start with the“OR”statement
11、 first.),Sub-headings narrow the“meaning”of a MeSH term.,They are a“subset”of all the articles under,under the MeSH term:Stroke.,abnormalitiesepidemiology psychology administrations&dosageethics radiation effects adverse effectsethnology radiography agonistsetiology radionuclide imaging analogs&deri
12、viativesgenetics radiotherapy analysisgrowth&development anatomy&histologyhistory rehabilitation antagonists&inhibitorsimmunology biosynthesisinjuries secondary bloodinnervation secretion blood supplyinstrumentation standards cerebrospinal fluidisolation&purification statistics&numerical data chemic
13、al synthesis legislation&jurisprudence supply&distribution chemically induced manpower surgery chemistrymetabolism therapeutic use classificationmethods therapy complications microbiology toxicity congenitalmortality transmission contraindicationsnursing transplantation cytologyorganization&administ
14、ration trends deficiencyparasitology ultrasonography diagnosispathogenicity ultrastructure diagnostic usepathology urine diet therapypharmacokinetics utilization drug effectspharmacology veterinary drug therapyphysiology virology economicsphysiopathology educationpoisoning embryologyprevention&contr
15、ol,82 SUBHEADINGS:,Boolean Logic-OR,and click,Boolean Logic-AND,and,Search Results,X,X,X,MeSH Databasesearches only the MeSH terms for:,AND,OR,Stroke/rehabilitation,Speech therapy,Brain injuries/rehabilitation,Look at subject headings in theMeSH Terms Indexfor additional terms.,Cognition Disorders/t
16、herapy,You may want to write a new searchprogram using:,Linking toFull-Text Articlesin Electronic Journals,Advanced Search,Verify Your My NCBI Account,Open your email.There will be message from NCBI.3)Copy and paste the verification URL intothe web address bar and return.4)Your account will be verified by theNational Library of Medicine.5)NOTE:you will NOT receive any spam as a result of this account.,Verifying Your Account,Save Search,Online Tutorial,
