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1、LINGUISTICS,Members:杜超群，傅鸿儒，刘静蕾，胡娟，胡丹丹,OUTLINE,PHONETIC(语音学)PHONOLOGY（音系学）ARTICULATOR（发音器官）KK AND DJ,phenetic studies speech sounds,including the production of speech sounds,that is how speech sounds are actually made,transmitted and received,the sounds of speech,the description and classification o
2、f speech sounds,word and connected speech,etc.,胡壮麟对语音学的定义：语音学是一门研究人类发音的特点，特别是言语语音特点，并提供对他们进行描写，分类和转写方法的科学，言语表达过程可以看成是语音从说话者经过空气传播到达听话者的一个过程。,说话者 空气 听话者 发音语音学 声学语音学 听觉语音学,从听话者角度出发，研究予以如何被感知的一个语言学分支,通过观察声波来研究语音物理特性的一个语言学分支。,从说话者角度出发，研究语音如何产生的一个语言学分支,Aims of phonetic study,provide general rules of Engl
3、ish pronunciation,expressive reading,and public speaking.provide the basis of learning for the other aspects of English language.make preparetions for future comparative study between English language and other language.make good preparations for becoming a good teacher.,phonology:It aims to discove
4、r how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.phonology and phonetics:both are concerned with the same aspect of language-the speech sounds.But they differ in their approach and focus.,英语口语的发音因不同方言而异。虽然英语有许多方言，通常当作最有声望或标准之
5、口音有：英国的英语标准发音、美国的通用美语和澳洲英语。,Articulator,一 Pronunciation principle All the sound we make during speaking are the result of muscles contracting.The muscles in the chest that we use for berating produce the flow of air that is needed for almost all speech sounds.,二 Articulators and their functions,1 Ph
6、arynx is a tube which begins just above the larynx.At its top end it is divided into two parts,one being the back of the mouth and the other being the beginning of the way through the nasal cavity.2 Velum or soft palate is seen in the position that allows air to pass through the nose and the mouth.I
7、t is one of the articulators that can be touched by the tongue.,3 Hard palate is often called the roof of the mouth.You can feel its smooth curved surface with your tongue.4 Alveolar ridge or alveolum is between the top front teeth and hard palate.You can feel its shape with your tongue.5 Tongue,teeth and lips are also very important articulators.,Phonetics,音标：Language includes what sounds are in it and how they may be gathered to form meaningful units.The study of the speech sounds that is called phonetics.标音：It means marking with phonetic symbols.,2023/8/6,
