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1、英语四级翻译,翻译题型简介,所占分值比例为15%考试时间30分钟翻译题型为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字,段落翻译评分标准,本题满分为15分，成绩分为六个档次：13-15分、10-12分、7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和0分。13-15分：译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。10-12分：译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。7-9分：译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。,段落翻译评分标准,4-6分：译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。
2、用词不准确，有相当多的严重语言错误。1-3分：译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思。0分：未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。,段落翻译评分标准,13-15分：15分：有2处不明显的小错（冠词、单复数、时态、介词、用词不贴切等）14分：有5处不明显的小错（冠词、单复数、时态、介词、用词不贴切等）13分：有7处不明显的小错（冠词、单复数、时态、介词、用词不贴切等）,段落翻译评分标准,10-12分：12分：有1个严重错句11分：有3处明显语言错句10分：有4处明显语言错误,段落翻译评分标准,7-9分：9分：5个句子正确或基本正确8分：4个句子正确或基本正确7分
3、：3个句子正确或基本正确,段落翻译评分标准,4-6分：6分：内容基本表达，有两个句子正确5分：一个句子正确4分：没有一个正确句子，但有三个句子有小错,段落翻译评分标准,1-3分：3分：内容基本表达，但所有句子都有错误和严重错误。严重错误少2分：严重错误多1分：严重错误极多0分：未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。根据关键词“创作的翻译”，不给分。,样题分析,1.2010年，中国约有4.2亿网民。（2014.12真题）2010，China about have 420 million netizens.（X）2.越来越多的中国年轻人正在对旅游产生兴趣，这是近年来的新趋势。3.最近调
4、查显示，很多年轻人想要通过旅行体验不同的文化、丰富知识、扩展视野。,There were about 420 million netizens in China in 2010.（）,More and more Chinese young people are interested in tourism,which is a new trend recently.,A recent survey shows that through traveling,many young people want to experience different culture,enrich knowledge
5、 and expand their horizon.,样题分析,很多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技术和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养（nutrition）。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物，肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡。所以中餐美味又健康。【参考译文】Many people like Chinese food.In China,cooking is not only regarded as a skill but also an art.The carefully
6、-prepared Chinese food is tasty and good-looking.The way of cooking and ingredients selection vary greatly across China.However,good cooking has one thing in common,that is,to always concern colors,smell,tastes and nutrition.As food is vital for mans health,good cooks are always making efforts to ma
7、intain balance between grains,meats and vegetables.Thus,Chinese food is delicious and healthy.,样题分析,14分参考译文,样题分析,8分参考译文,样题分析,5分参考译文,样题分析,段落翻译解题步骤,1.通读全段，理解原文，确定时态。自1961年该基金会成立以来，大熊猫就一直是它的徽标。（2014.12）【思路分析】本句主干句是“大熊猫就一直是它的徽标”，可依“主系表”结构译出;一看到“自从”就应该想到since，since作为介词，后面要跟名词结构，所以“自从以来”可译作介词短语“since the
8、founding of WWF in 1961”或处理为从句“since 1961 when WWF was founded”，置于句首或句末均可。【参考译文】Panda has been the logo of WWF since 1961 when WWF was founded.,段落翻译解题步骤:确定时态,相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病。(2013.12)【思路分析】句子主干部分为：“一位帝王发现了茶，并用来治病”。具体翻译时，因为原句强调的是“茶”，可考虑将其作主语，原句用被动语态译出。【参考译文】Legend has it that tea was found
9、by a Chinese emperor more than five thousand years ago,and was then used to cure diseases.“相传”是一个习惯用语，除译为“Legend has it that”外，还可以译为“According to legend”或“as legend goes”,段落翻译解题步骤,2.处理原文句子，正确断句，合句，找准主语，谓语，宾语。e.g.（2013.12）这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。,段落翻译解题步骤,以蓬勃发展的电子商务为代表的互联网经济已成为经济发展的重要引擎。,段落翻译
10、解题步骤,正确断句，合句阅读对于中小学生尤其重要，假如他们没有在这个关键时期培养阅读的兴趣，以后要养成阅读的习惯就难了。（2014.6）【思路分析】由于句子较长，可考虑分译法，拆成两句。因为“假设”表明这是另一个话题，所以可从此处断开。【参考译文】Reading is especially important for middle and primary school students.If they dont nurture the interest of reading at that critical period,it will be harder to develop a habit
11、 to read books.(从意义完整、独立处拆分),段落翻译解题步骤,3.修改。对译文修正，加工，润饰。第一步：对照原文一句一句修改，看原文内容是否准确表达；有无漏译，错译，曲解的地方。第二步：脱离原文，反复阅读后进行修改。看上下午有无不连接，矛盾，重复的地方，有无逻辑不通的地方。,翻译的基本方法：直译&意译,汉译英基本技巧：增词,1.增加连词,汉译英基本技巧：增词,汉译英基本技巧：增词,2.增加主语,汉译英基本技巧：增词,从它形成到现在，一直为民族精神的构建，民族智慧的传播，民族文化的发展发挥着不可估量的作用。,汉译英基本技巧：增词,3.同时增加连词和主语,汉译英基本技巧：增词练习,1
12、.大作收到，十分高兴。2.把这些故事看完以后，用你自己的话讲一遍。,Im very glad to have received your writing.,After you have read these stories,tell them in your own words.,汉译英基本技巧：减词,英语的表达倾向简洁，汉语比较喜欢重复。重复，作为一种汉语修辞方法，在某种场合下，重复的表达一个意思，是为了强调，加强语气。为了有更强的节奏感和押韵，汉语中也经常会出现排比句。考生在翻译这些句子时，为了符合英文表达的逻辑，就要有所删减或省略。e.g.这是革命的春天，这是人民的春天，这是科学的春天!
13、让我们张开双臂，热烈拥抱这个春天吧!译文：Let us stretch out our arms to embrace the spring,which is one of the revolution,of the people,and of science.,汉译英基本技巧：减词,我们要忠于党，忠于人民，忠于祖国。我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将来也绝不会后退。郭沫若同志曾说，“中国人民历来是勇于探索，勇于创造，勇于革命的。”,We should be loyal to our party,to our people,to our motherland.,We wont retrea
14、t,we never have and never will.,Comrade Guo Moruo once said,“The people of China have always been courageous in exploration,innovation and revolution.”,汉译英基本技巧：减词,汉译英基本技巧：词类转换,汉译英基本技巧：词类转换,1.丽江地处云南省西北部，境内多山。2.通过阅读，人们能更好地学会感恩，有责任心和与人合作，而教育的目的正是要培养这些基本的素质。,Through reading,people can learn better how t
15、o be grateful,responsible and cooperative,and the goal of education is to cultivate these basic personalities.,汉译英基本技巧：词类转换,3.孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。（动词转名词）Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.4.我们会考虑你的要求的。（动词转名词）We will take your requirement into consideration.,
16、词类转换翻译练习,1.我打开窗子，让新鲜空气进来。2.那个穿紫色衣服的女生是我的好朋友。3.大熊猫是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。,I open the window to let the fresh air in.,The girl in purple is my close friend.,The giant panda is a kind of tame/gentle animal with unique black-and-white fur.,汉译英基本技巧：语态转换,汉译英基本技巧：语态转换,汉译英基本技巧：语态转换,汉译英基本技巧：语态转换,汉译英基本技巧：语态转换,【语态
17、转换练习】1.乌镇所有房屋都用石木建造。2.典型的中国园林四周有围墙。3.他的言论和生平活动记录在论语（The Analects）一书中。4.中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的。,All the houses in Wuzhen are built of stone and wood.,A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls.,His words and life story were recorded in The Analects.,The Chinese knot was originally invented by the crafts
18、men.,真题解析,黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。黄河发源于青海，流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。黄河流域(river basin)是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。然而，由于极具破坏力的洪水频发，黄河曾造成多次灾害。在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。,The Yellow River ranks the third longest in Asia and the sixth longest in the world.The word“yellow”describes the muddy
19、 water of the river.The Yellow River，one of several rivers for China to live on，originates from Qinghai，flows through nine provinces,and finally pours into the Bohai Sea.The river basin is not only the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization，but also the most prosperous region in the early histor
20、y of China.However,due to the frequent devastating floods,it has caused many disasters.In the past few decades,the government has taken various measures to prevent disasters.,真题解析,黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。The Yellow River ranks the third longest in Asia and the sixth longest in the world.“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。
21、The word“yellow”describes the muddy water of the river.黄河发源于青海，流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。（合译）The Yellow River，one of several rivers for China to live on，originates from Qinghai，flows through nine provinces,and finally pours into the Bohai Sea.,真题解析,黄河流域(river basin)是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。T
22、he river basin is not only the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization，but also the most prosperous region in the early history of China.然而，由于极具破坏力的洪水频发，黄河曾造成多次灾害。However,due to the frequent devastating floods,it has caused many disasters.在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。In the past few decades,the govern
23、ment has taken various measures to prevent disasters.,真题解析,珠江是华南一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。珠江三角洲（delta）是中国最发达的地区之一，面积约11,000平方公里。它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5,700多万人口。上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。,The Pearl River,an extensive river system in southern China,flows through Gua
24、ngzhou City.It is Chinas third-longest river,only after theYangtze River and theYellow River.The Pearl River Delta(PRD)is one of the most developed regions in China with an area of about 11,000 square kilometers.It is the largest urban area in the world in both size and population.The nine largest c
25、ities of PRDhave a combined population of over 57 million.Since the reform and opening up(economic liberalization)was adopted by the Chinese governmen tin the late 1970s,the Delta has become one of the leading economic regions and a major manufacturing center of China and the world.,真题解析,珠江是华南一大河系，流
26、经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。（分译）The Pearl River,an extensive river system in southern China,flows through Guangzhou City.It is Chinas third-longest river,only after theYangtze River and theYellow River.珠江三角洲（delta）是中国最发达的地区之一，面积约11,000平方公里。The Pearl River Delta(PRD)is one of the most developed regions i
27、n China with an area of about 11,000 square kilometers.它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。（主语谓语表语）It is the largest urban area in the world in both size and population.,真题解析,珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5,700多万人口。The nine largest cities of PRD have a combined population of over 57 million.上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制
28、造中心之一。Since the reform and opening up(economic liberalization)was adopted by the Chinese government in the late 1970s,the Delta has become one of the leading economic regions and a major manufacturing center of China and the world.,汉译英基本技巧：分译&合译（按内容层次分译）,汉译英基本技巧：分译&合译（按内容层次分译）,汉译英基本技巧：分译&合译（按内容层次分译）
29、,汉译英基本技巧：分译&合译（按内容层次分译）,合译练习题,1.秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄。人们兴高采烈，庆祝丰收。（2016.12）2.许多西方人会选咖啡。而中国人则会选茶。（2013.12）,分译练习题,1.孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家，教育家，是儒家学派（Confucianism）的创始人，被尊称为古代的圣人（sage）。2.如今，很多年轻人不再选择“稳定”的工作，他们更愿意自主创业，依靠自己的智慧和奋斗去实现自我价值。,分译练习题,3.在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福，在春节和其它喜庆场合，红色到处可见。（2016.12）,汉译英基本技巧：正反翻译表达,汉译英基本技巧
30、：正反翻译表达,汉译英基本技巧：正反翻译表达,汉译英基本技巧：正反翻译表达,Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell some the course books you used at college.Your advertisement may include a brief description of their content,their condition and price,and your contact
31、information.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.,For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay.Suppose you have two options upon graduation:one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school.You are to make a choice between the two.Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.,
