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1、HL-005 路由器基础及配置,ISSUE 4.0,2,目标,掌握路由器基本原理能够利用一些常用命令配置路由器能够升级路由器,通过本章学习,3,课程内容,路由器基础路由器配置命令行简介升级路由器,4,路由器的概念及基本构成,路由器一种重要的网络设备用于网络互连的计算机设备作为路由器，必须具备：两个或两个以上的接口协议至少向上实现到网络层具有存储、转发、寻径功能,5,路由器的作用,路由器的核心作用是实现网络互连分组数据转发路由（寻径）：路由表建立、刷新、查找子网间的速率适配隔离网络，防止网络风暴，指定访问规则（防火墙）异种网络互连,6,路由器工作流程,IP,ETH,PPP,以太网口,串口,IP,
2、PPP,ETH,串口,以太网口,协议封装,路由选择协议转换,路由器,路由器,WAN,传送,拆包,LAN1,LAN2,接收,发送,工作过程,7,路由表,路由表内容示例,30.0.0.1,255.255.255.0,200.0.0.0,20.0.0.1,255.255.255.0,100.0.0.0,10.0.0.1,0.0.0.0,0.0.0.0,下一跳地址,掩码,目的地址,8,Quidway R1602,同异步串口,同异步串口,以太网口,备份口,配置口,电源插座,电源开关,9,课程内容,路由器基础路由器配置命令行简介升级路由器,10,配置路由器,通过console口配置通过拨号远程配置通过te
3、lnet方式配置通过哑终端方式配置通过FTP方式传送配置文件,11,通过console口配置,建立本地配置环境,配置口(Console),配置口（console）电缆,R232 串口,12,步骤一：连接配置电缆,将路由器随机所带的配置电缆取出RJ45头一端接在路由器的console口上9针（或25针）RS232接口一端接在计算机的串行口上,13,步骤二：创建超级终端（1）,以WINDOWS98 所带的“超级终端”为例点击“开始”“程序”“附件”“超级终端”进入“超级终端”目录后，选择“Hypertrm”，即可新建一“超级终端”,14,步骤二：创建超级终端（2）,15,通过拨号线路远程配置路由器
4、,将路由器和微机分别与modem连接,备份电缆,modem,modem,PSTN/ISDN,16,通过Telnet配置本地路由器,Quidwaylogin telnetQuidwaylocal-user huawei service-type exec-operator password simple quidway,服务器,配置路由器的一台微机,工作站,工作站,10Base-T 网口,17,通过哑终端配置,Quidway-Serial0physical-mode async,同/异步串口口,18,通过FTP配置,在路由器上启动FTP服务器在终端上启动FTP客户程序,FTP server10.
5、110.0.1,FTP client10.110.0.2,Ethernet,19,课程内容,路由器基础路由器配置命令行简介升级路由器,20,命令行概述,普通用户模式 特权用户模式全局配置模式接口配置模式路由协议配置模式,21,进入路由器配置界面,Press ENTER key to get start when you see ATS0=1.System now is starting.ATS0=1Quidway,console,22,普通用户模式命令列表,Quidway?enable Turn on privileged commands exit Exit from EXEC help D
6、escription of the interactive help system language Switch language mode(English,Chinese)ping Send echo messages display display running system information telnet Connect remote computer tracert Trace route to destination,23,系统视图命令列表,Quidway?,24,接口视图命令列表,Quidwayinterface serial 0Quidway-Serial0?,25,在
7、线帮助,Quidwaydisplay?aaa-enable Enable AAA(Authentication,Authorization and Accounting)acl Specify structure of access-list configure information arp Add a ARP entry bgp Enable/disable BGP protocol bridge Bridge Set,26,命令行错误信息,Quidwaydisplay Incorrect commandQuidwaydisplay Incomplete commandQuidwaydis
8、play interface serial 0 0 Too many parameters,27,历史命令,Quidwaydisplay history-commandint s 0exit 或 上一条历史纪录 或 下一条历史纪录,28,编辑特性,普通按键 输入字符到当前光标位置退格键BackSpace 删除光标位置的前一个字符删除键Delete 删除光标位置字符左光标键 光标相左移动一个字符位置右光标键 光标相右移动一个字符位置上下光标键 显示历史命令,29,显示特性,30,课程内容,路由器基础路由器配置命令行简介升级路由器,31,口令忘了！怎么办？,进入特权模式的口令忘了？,重起路由器 按
9、下Ctrl+b 输入Bootrom密码 选择清除密码，重起路由器 修改密码,32,升级路由器,通过console口升级通过FTP升级通过TFTP升级,更多的功能更简便的配置,33,通过Console口升级路由器,Quidwayreboot WARNING:System will REBOOT!Continue?Y/Ny.CTR+B Boot Menu:1:Download application program with XMODEM 2:Download application program with TFTP 3:Clear application password 4:Clear co
10、nfiguration 5:Exit and reboot Enter your choice(1-5):1,console,34,通过Console口升级路由器（续）,35,通过FTP升级路由器,FTP server10.110.0.1,启动FTP服务器功能Quidwayftp-server enable增加用户名并设置密码 Quidwaylocal-user XXX service-type ftp password simple|cipher 123,36,通过TFTP升级路由器,TFTP server10.110.0.1,TFTP client10.110.0.2,Ethernet,选
11、择指定的以太口在配置电脑上运行TFTP服务器程序指定应用程序所在的路径运行超级终端,37,通过TFTP升级路由器,重起路由器并按下“N”键 修改参数(IP地址,文件名等等)按“C”(continue)路由器重起后按Ctr+BBoot Menu:1:Download application program with XMODEM 2:Download application program with TFTP 3:Clear application password 4:Clear configuration 5:Exit and reboot Enter your choice(1-5):2,
12、38,基本操作命令,系统状态和系统信息查看命令：display调试命令：debugging、monitor测试工具：ping、tracert,39,常用display命令,display versiondisplay current-configurationdisplay interface,40,display version,Quidwaydisplay version Copyright Notice:All rights reserved(Apr 10 2003).Without the owners prior written consent,no decompiling or r
13、everse-engineering shall be allowed.Huawei Versatile Routing Platform Software VRP(R)software,Version 1.74 Release 0006 Copyright(c)1997-2003 HUAWEI TECH CO.,LTD.Quidway R2630E uptime is 0 days 0 hours 3 minutes 10 seconds System returned to ROM by reboot.Quidway R2630E with 1 MPC 8240 Processor Rou
14、ter serial number is 00E0FC067AF8523E 64M bytes SDRAM 8192K bytes Flash Memory 128K bytes NVRAM Config Register points to NVRAM Hardware Version is MTR 1.1 CPLD Version is CPLD 3.0 Bootrom Version is 4.33 AUX AUX Hardware Version is 1.0,Driver Version is 1.0 LAN 1FE Hardware Version is 2.0,Driver Ve
15、rsion is 2.0 Slot 1 RTB22SA Hardware Version is 1.1,Driver Version is 1.2,41,display current-configuration,Quidwaydisplay current-configuration Current configuration hostname huawei-bj!interface Ethernet0 ip address 100.10.110.1 255.255.0.0!interface Serial0 encapsulation ppp ip address 11.1.1.2 255
16、.255.255.252 exit ip route 10.110.0.0 255.255.0.0 11.1.1.1 preference 60!end,42,display interface:显示接口信息,Quidwaydisplay interface serial 0Serial0 is up,line protocol is up physical layer is synchronous,baudrate is 64000 bps interface is DCE,clock is DCECLK,cable type is RS232 Internet address is 11.
17、1.1.2 255.255.255.252 Encapsulation is PPP LCP opened,IPCP opened,IPXCP initial 5 minutes input rate 52.63 bytes/sec,0.96 packets/sec 5 minutes output rate 60.00 bytes/sec,1.19 packets/sec Input queue is 0/75/0(current/max/drops)Queueing strategy:FIFO Output Queue:(size/max/drops)0/75/0 539 packets
18、input,24907 bytes,0 no buffers 670 packets output,29586 bytes,0 no buffersDCD=UP DTR=UP DSR=UP RTS=UP CTS=UP,43,调试命令：debugging,info-center,Quidwayinfo-center enableQuidwayinfo-center console debuggingQuidwayinfo-center monitor debugging,44,ping:测试工具,Quidwayping 11.1.1.1 PING 11.1.1.1:56 data bytes,p
19、ress CTRL_C to break Reply from 11.1.1.1:bytes=56 Sequence=0 ttl=255 time=31 ms Reply from 11.1.1.1:bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=31 ms Reply from 11.1.1.1:bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=32 ms Reply from 11.1.1.1:bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=31 ms Reply from 11.1.1.1:bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl
20、=255 time=31 ms-11.1.1.1 ping statistics-5 packets transmitted 5 packets received 0.00%packet loss round-trip min/avg/max=31/31/32 ms,45,tracert:测试工具,Quidwaytracert 10.110.201.186 traceroute to 10.110.201.186(10.110.201.186)30 hops max,40 bytes packet 1 11.1.1.1 29 ms 22 ms 21 ms 2 10.110.201.186 38 ms 24 ms 24 ms,46,问题,如何通过TFTP升级路由器?如何通过console口配置路由器?,47,本章重点,路由器工作原理通过console口本地和远程配置路由器系统视图和接口视图的区别 升级路由器常用的路由器命令和小工具,华为3Com技术有限公司,华为3Com公司网址:www.huawei-华为3Com技术论坛网址:forum.huawei-,
