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1、非谓语动词,1,什么是非谓 语动词啊？,“非谓语非谓语”,就是不是谓语的动词呗!,那不是谓语是什么呢？,。,英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构如果出现更多动词：加连词（and/but/so）放入从句 变为非谓语动词,主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语,e.g.He works.He wants to work here.He is working now.The meeting held last week is very important.,非谓语：无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。,过去分词 v-ed,不定式 to+v,动词的v-ing,非谓语动词,动词不定式,
2、动词不定式,To do that sort of thing is foolish.,I want to see you this evening.,My job is to teach English.,Do you have anything to say?,She came here to study English.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,(It is foolish to do that sort of thing.),She asked me to stay here.,注：在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用it作形式主语，而把不定式后置。,Its a great
3、pleasure to be here.It is not an easy thing to master a language.,注：不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出，也可以由“for/of+名词词组”来表示，如：,It was difficult for me to do the work.Its kind of you to think so much of us.,作主语,特别注意,下列情形用不定式作定语,Made Curie was the first person in the world to receive two Nobel Prizes.The best
4、 way to keep fit is to develop healthy eating habits.,特别注意,作定语,1.由the only,the first,the last,the next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词,常用不定式作定语.,Three years later he had a chance to go to Australia.He failed in his attempt to escape from prison.,2.当修饰词是名词:ability,way,chance,attempt,plan,failure 等,这时用不定式作定语,对所修饰词起补
5、充说明的作用.,作宾补,She asked me to stay here.,1.她叫我呆在这儿。,2.请允许我介绍Mr.White给你们。,Please allow me to introduce Mr.White to you.,advise allow ask cause encourage expect force get inform invite order permit remind request teach tell want warn enable wish,做独立成分,1.To tell the truth,I dont agree with you.(老实说)类似的短语
6、有:to be frank,坦白说 to be exact,确切的说 to begin with,首先,第一,注意,1.有些动词后面的不定式不带to，如feel（一感）hear,listen to（二听）make,have,let（三让）see,watch,notice,observe（四看）.,I heard them sing a pop song.We watched them play football.,A.不带to的不定式,注:这些动词若用于被动语态,不定式必须加to The man was made to move his car by the policeman.,在 woul
7、d rather than,rather than,等结构后的than之后不用to.,在 cant but,cant choose but,cant help but,do nothing but,之后的不定式不用 to,4.介词but,except,besides+to do,但是如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么,介词后的不定式不用to.,5.一些特定结构中:why not do(为什么不做)had better do(最好做)would rather do(宁愿；宁可)I would rather have a cup of tea.我宁愿喝茶。You had better g
8、o back.你还是回去的好。Why not see a film tonight?,注意,B.带疑问词的动词不定式在to 前加疑问词。,Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer.,Can you tell me where to get the book?,(what,when,where,which,who,how),注意,D.作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to 后面的动词，只保留to。,A:Would you like to come to my party?,Mary wanted to use my bike,but
9、 I asked her not to(use my bike).,B:Yes,Id love to(come to your party).,Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。,E.有些动词后面既可跟不定式to do，又可跟动名词 doing，但是意义不一样，如 remember,forget,try,stop,go on,mean,regret,like/love,cant help,propose 等等,I remembered to post the letters.I remembered posting/having post the letters.,1)remember/f
10、orget to do 表示记得/忘记 要去做某事 remember/forget doing 表示记得/忘记 做过某事,2)try to do 设法努力做某事 try doing 尝试着做某事,3)go on to do 表示接着做另外一件事情 go on doing 表示接着做原来的那件事情,4)stop to do 表示停下来去做另外一件事情 stop doing 表示停止做某事,5)mean to do 表示打算，意欲做某事 mean doing 表示意味着，意思是,6)regret to do 表示很遗憾要去做某事 regret doing 表示很遗憾已经做过的事情,8)cant h
11、elp(to)do 表示不能做，无助于 cant help doing 表示请不自禁,9)used to do 表示过去常常做某事 be/get used to doing 表示习惯于做某事,注：need/want/require;worth/worthy 的特殊用法,The bike needs to be repaired.The room needs repairing.,need/want to be done=need/want doing 需要(含被动意义),The book is worth reading The book is worthy to be read.The bo
12、ok is worthy of being read.,2)be worth doing be worthy to be done/be worthy of being done,这本书值得一读。,注:prefer 的用法：,prefer doing to doingprefer to do rather than do would rather do than do,I prefer waiting here to staying at home.I prefer to wait here rather than stay at home.I would rather wait here t
13、han stay at home.,He is used to _in that city.(live)Im looking forward to _you soon.(see)She objects to _the problem now.(discuss)He devoted himself to _the new theory.(establish)I have been accustomed to _in that company since I came here.(work)In addition to _his own work well,he is ready to help
14、others.(do),F.下面的to是介词，而不是不定式 be/get accustomed to,be/get used to,in addition to,+,living,seeing,discussing,establishing,working,doing,不定式的时态和语态,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been done,在to 前加 not,动词不定式的时态和语态,1.I opened the door to enter the room.,2.Mr.Smith is going to attend the
15、 meeting to be held tomorrow.,.一般式(to do).,所表示的动作在谓语动词之后发生。（将要）,被动式：to be done,3.He didnt like to be laughed at.,.进行式(to be doing),1.I am very glad to be working with you.,2.He is said to be coming.,所表示的动作和谓语动词同时发生。（正在进行）,没有被动式,.完成式（to have done),1.I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.,2.You
16、seemed to have read the novel written by Mr.Smith.,不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。（已经做过）,3.He claimed _in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.being badly treated B.treating badlyC.to be treated badly D.to have been badly treated.,被动式：to have been done,1.The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I
17、forgot.A.turning it off B.turn it off C.having turned it off D.to turn it off2.She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.A.to clean B.cleaning C.Cleaned D.being c leaned3.Not everybody has the ability in public.A.of speak B.speaking C.spoken D.to speak,练习,4.Mary is always the first s
18、tudent _to answer the teachers questions in class.A.rising B.to rise C.rose D.risen5.Mum,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day?-_enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.Get B.Getting C.To get D.To be getting6.Would you be so kind _us out?-With pleasure.A.helping B.in helping C.
19、help D.as to help,7.Wet umbrellas are not allowed _into this hotel according to the rule.A.to be taken B.to take C.taken D.taking,8.Robert is said _ abroad,but I didnt know what country he studied in.A to have studied B to study C to be studying D to have been studying,9.In Australia,he made a lot o
20、f friends _a very practical knowledge of English.get B.getting C.to get D.got,10.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating11.We agreed _ here,but so far she hasnt turned out yet.A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met12.Paul doe
21、snt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning,13.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not toI saw him _ out of the room.A.go B.had gone C.has gone D.goes15.The chair looks rather hard,but
22、 in fact it is very comfortable to _ A.sit B.sit on C.be sit D.be sat on,16.There isnt any different between the two.I really dont know _ A.where to choose B.which to choose C.to choose what D.to choose which17.Robert is said_abroad,but I didnt know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B.to
23、study C.made D.to make,1.非谓语动词有哪些不同的形式？,to+v不定式,过去分词,to be done,to have been done,being done,having been done,及物动词的过去分词既表示被动又表示动作已完成,个别动词的过去分词只表示完成(多数为不及物动词),主动形式,被动形式,to do,to have done,doing,having done,不定式除一般式、完成式以外还有_,进行式to be doing,v-ed,v-ing分词,非谓语动词的否定：_,not+非谓语动词,2.非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？,V-ing现在分词,
24、V-ing 分词在句中通常作什么成分？,V-ing 现在分词,Working with you is a pleasure.,I want to see you this evening.,My job is to teach English.,Do you have anything to say?,She came here to study English.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,(It is a pleasure working with you.),She asked me to stay here.,v-ing 形式的时态和语态,doing,being done,ha
25、ving done,having been done,在v-ing前加not,例句：Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.Having finished his homework,he went home.Being asked to answer the question,he stood up.Having been written in haste,the book has some faults.,not 置于V-ing 之前 Not getting up early,he missed the first bus.Not having r
26、eceived his letter,we all felt worried.,2.V-ing形式的否定式,分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。,3.V-ing形式需注意,Entering the room,I found Tom watching TV.Looking at the picture,I couldnt help missing my middle school days.比较The bell ringing,we all stopped talking.Weather permittin
27、g,we will have an outing tomorrow.,一、构成形式,过去分词只有一种形式(v+ed),现在分词（否定式not+分词）：,被动形式,doing,having done,being done,having been done,一般式,完成式,主动形式,二、分词的语法功能,1作定语2作表语3作宾语补足语4作状语,三、现在分词与过去分词 的用法区别,1、作定语时:position,单个的分词作定语时一般前置（位于被修饰的词之前），分词短语作定语时后置。,Do you know the（哭着的）boy?Do you know the boy（在树下哭的）?We are t
28、rying our best to catch up with the（发达的）country.The students are discussing a book(由鲁迅写的).,crying,crying under the tree,developed,written by Lu Xun,作定语时:relationship,The meeting held last week is very important.2.Tell the children playing there not to make so much noise.,被动关系,主动关系,现在分词和过去分词作定语的比较,飘雪
29、_ 落叶_令人惊讶的消息感到吃惊的表情-总结:v-ing现在分词作定语:_ _ v-ed过去分词作定语:_ _,falling snow,fallen leaves,the surprising news,表示“主动，或正在进行/令人感觉怎么样”,表示“被动，或已完成/人自身感觉怎么样”,the surprised look,It is the first time that Joy has come to Lianyungang.She has much difficulty finding her way around,as the roads have many _ turns and
30、branch roads.,Scene 1,confusing/puzzling,Scene 2,Amy was performing in a drama when suddenly she forgot the words.The audience clapped their hands to encourage her,but she felt this washer _(embarrass)situation.,embarrassed,Practice makes perfect!,1.Mrs.White showed her students some old maps _ from
31、 the library.（10 全国）A.to borrow B.to be borrowed C.borrowed D.borrowing2.(2011 江苏）Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.Acompared Bcomparing Ccompares Dbeing compared3.With the governments aid,those _ by the earthquake have
32、 moved to the new settlements.（09上海）A.affect B.affecting C.affected D.were affected,2、作表语时（跟在系动词后）,现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性；过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。现在分词表示“令人的”，过去分词表示“感到”.常见的分词有：,amazed/amazing;annoyed/annoying;interested/interesting;pleased/pleasing;surprised/surprising;satisfied/satisfying;amused/amusing,Learn t
33、hem by heart!,Translation:1.有人认为如果一本书是有趣的，它一定会使读者感兴趣的。2.先生们、女士们，请一直做到飞机已完全停下来止。,It is believed that if a book is interesting,it will surely interest the reader.,Ladies and gentlemen,please remain seated until the plane has come to a complete stop.,3、作宾语补足语时:relationship,取决于分词与宾语的关系：主动关系，用doing被动关系，用
34、done 例如,1.I found them painting the windows.2.I found the windows painted.,主动关系,被动关系,（现在分词表主动、进行）,（过去分词表被动、完成）,Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.,1.(09全国)They use computers to keep the traffic run smoothly.2.（2011江苏）You look upset.Whats the matter？I had my proposal to turn down again.,
35、(running),turned down,3.(10安徽卷)Just now I caught him to steal things from the supermarket.,stealing,4、作状语时:relationship,_from the moon,the earth looks like a blue ball.(see)_nobody at home,he left.(see),被动关系,主动关系,分词的选取：取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主动关系：用 doing 被动关系：用 done,Seen,Seeing,As the hare looks down upon th
36、e tortoise,he lies down and sleeps soundly.,Rewrite the sentences using ing or-ed forms:,_ the tortoise,the hare lies down and sleeps soundly.,Looking down upon,1.(10天津)When we approached the city centre,we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.Approaching the city,we saw a stone statue of
37、 about 10 meters in height.2.(04 北京)Because he was tired after the trip,he soon fell asleep.Tired after the trip,he soon fell asleep.,COME ON!,Note 1:现在分词的一般式与完成式：,一般式：doing 表示非谓语动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生。完成式：having done 表示非谓语动作与谓语动作有着先后顺序。,_ such heavy loss,the businessman didnt have the courage to go on.(suff
38、er),例如：_the news,her fans became wild with excitement.(hear),Hearing,Having suffered,Remember:Practice makes perfect!1.(08全国卷I)The storm left,_a lot of damage to this area.A.caused B.to have caused C.to cause D.having caused2._ the programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.(09 广东)A.Not
39、 completing B.Not completed C.Not having completed D.Having not completed,Note 2:分词作状语的基本原则：分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。当非谓语动作的主语不是句子的主语时，必须加上其自己的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。如：,Spring coming,the fields are full of life.,再如：Weather permitting,we will go out for a spring outing.The job having been done,we went h
40、ome.,因为coming的逻辑主语，并不是the fields，应补上它的逻辑主语spring，,独立主格结构,非谓语动词，,主语+谓语,名词/代词+,动作的逻辑主语,falling here and there,I suddenly notice autumn is drawing pleted,well have a global traveling.,Leaves,Task,Consolidation:,1.Many students _ around,I explained the story into details.（07 重庆）A.stood B.standing C.to s
41、tand D.were standing2.There _ nothing to talk about,every one in the room remained silent.A.was B.had C.being D.having3.Everything _ into consideration,they believed themselves more and returned to their position.A.to taken B.taken C.to be taken D.taking,The country has already sent up three unmanne
42、d spacecraft,the most recent _ at the end of last March.(2007山东)A.has been launched B.having been launchedC.being launched D.to be launched,B,The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons _ for the day.(07重庆)A.finishing B.finished C.had finished D.were finished,B,有些分词作状语时，其形式的选用不受上下文的
43、影响，称作独立成分或插入语。常见的有：,generally/frankly/strictly speaking 一般而言/坦率地说/严格地说judging from/by 根据来判断considering/taking into consideration考虑到；鉴于supposing/providing/provided that 如果compared with/to 与相比,例如_his accent,he is from the south._ your health,you d better have a rest.,Note 3:独立成分作状语,Judging from/by,Con
44、sidering,-ing,复合结构,my/your.人/物s,Im happy for your telling me the truth.Im angry for your not telling me the truth.,The discovery of new evidence led to _.A.the thief having caughtB.catch the thiefC.the thiefs being caughtD.the thief to be caught,C,_ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of enco
45、uragement.A.The president will attendB.The president to attendC.The president attendedD.The presidents attending,D,总结:非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系：表示主动用V-ing、表示被动用V-ed；与谓语动词时间的关系：同时发生用:v-ing的一般形式、发生在之前用:完成形式；发生在之后用:不定式的一般形式。,非谓语动词解题四大步骤,（一）分析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”（如果是非谓语，判断所充当的成分）,_many times,but he still couldnt underst
46、and it.,2._many times,he still couldnt understand it.,A.Having been told B.Being told C.He had been told D.Though he was told,C,_,A,注意连词,3.It _ a hot day,wed better go swimming.,4._ a rainy day;we decided not to go there.,is B.to be C.beingD.It being E.It was F.been,C,E,注意标点符号,非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其
47、逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。,（二）找逻辑主语,1.Walking along the street one day,she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found on the way.3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.,一般来说：1.作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；2.作宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；3.作定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。,Everything,they,1._
48、 everything into consideration,they ought to have another chance.,2.Everything _into consideration,they ought to have another chance.,Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the verb“take”,Taking,taken,（三）分析语态,分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。,“You cant catch me!”Jane shouted,_ away.A.
49、run B.running C.to run D.ran 2._ in the mountains for a week,the two students were finally saved by the local police.A.Having lost B.Lost C.Being lost D.Losing,Jane,the two students,(四）分析时态,1.The building _now will be a restaurant.,2.The building _ next year will be a restaurant.,3.The building _ la
50、st year is a restaurant.,having been built B.to be built C.being built D.built,C,B,D,非谓语动词解题步骤,方法总结：谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态。,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult.(MET99)A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make 2.Ive worked with children before,so I know what
