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1、商务报章杂志文章的翻译,Unit 2,请翻译下列两篇短文并指出翻译的难点所在：,l.Technological development and the economic growth dependent on it have brought about great changes in the economic systems which were described by the classical economists.Production has been concentrated into a few large corporations,such as the oil compani
2、es and the automobile producers.At the same time,it has been the practice for large companies to buy whole or controlling interests in unrelated areas of production:aircraft companies which own radio and television stations or even book publishing companies,for example.Some of these large corporatio
3、ns are frequently operating in many countries of the world;they are then called multi-national companies.,请翻译下列两篇短文并指出翻译的难点所在：,2.总的看，加入世贸组织利大于弊。这主要与两个问题有关，一个是我们承诺按照国际经贸规则办事，一个是逐步开放我国市场。这样做有利于改善我国的投资环境，吸引外资；有利于我们根据国际市场竞争的要求，加快经济结构的调整；有利于我们建立一套符合国际通行做法的外经贸法制体系，促进我国社会主义市场经济的发展。,一、商务报章杂志文章的界定与功能,（一）商务报章
4、杂志文章的界定 商务报刊杂志文章是指有关金融、贸易、财政、市场、创业、管理等题材的叙述或评论性文本，一般包括报纸、商业杂志以及其他商务类读物中的新闻报道、综述、分析评论、专业论文、案例分析、年度报告等。这些报纸和杂志譬如英文的经济学家(The Economist)、商业周刊(Business Week)、金融时报(Financial Times)、纽约时报(New York Times)等，中文的商业时代（原名商业经济研究）、财经、中国合作经济、中国农资、中国市场等。这些报章杂志上的文章通常都是最为常见的商务报章杂志文章。,（二）商务报章杂志文章的主要功能,商务报章杂志文章主要具有信息功能。该
5、类文章为人们提供一般商务新闻或一般商务信息、专业商务知识和商务实践的案例分析，所以其信息功能非常明显。商务报章杂志文章的内容涉及商务的各个领域，如公司日常事务、会计、营销、投资、商业伦理、成本管理、企业行政管理、创业、各国经济状况、贸易往来等各个方面。读者通过阅读该类文章就可以获得有关上述商务领域的信息，可根据这些信息进行商务运作、商务估测和商务理论研究等。,二、商务报刊杂志文章的文体特点及翻译,商务报刊杂志文章既然指商务报刊杂志文章或学术性商务文章，那么在语言上也有其独特的地方。总体来讲，商务报刊杂志文章使用的通常是正式的叙述性或议论性话语，语气比较客观，用词比较正规，语法和句式比较规范。有
6、的说明性、概括性较强，有的专业性论文则彰显出较强的学术性。（一）英文商务报刊杂志文章的文体特点及翻译（二）中文商务报刊杂志文章的文体特点及翻译,1用词特点及其翻译,(1)新闻报道用语 英文商务报章杂志文章在词汇方面会出现一些新闻报道用语，来显示所述内容的准确性和客观性，如according to、some believe that/it is believed that、as point out、sb.says、report、confirm等，这些用语在翻译成汉语时很容易找到对等的表达方式，如“根据”、“有些人认为”、“正如指出”、“说”、“报道”、“确认”等。,(1)新闻报道用语,例1：So
7、me believe that Chinese brands will become a global phenomenon within a decade,marketed on quality and exotic appeal as well as competitive price.有些人认为，由于质量上乘、风格独特、价格极具竞争力，中国品牌十年内会成为全球品牌。例2：Of course,global sales do not mean global brands,as many enterprise leaders point out.当然，正如许多企业领导指出，全球销售并不意味着全
8、球品牌。,(1)新闻报道用语,例3：Observers say reforms that at first sight appear to be relatively simple have turned out to be a nightmare because individual countries are so reluctant to remove any barrier that might reduce their importance in the overall financial system.现察家们认为，乍一看去似乎相对简单的改革变成了噩梦，因为有些国家不愿消除可能会削
9、弱他们在整个金融体系中重要性的障碍。,(2)专业术语,商务报章杂志文章由于涉及不同的领域，所以会涉及不同商务领域的专业词汇。譬如，有关管理的就包含很多管理方面的术语；有关投资的就有投资方面的术语；有关营销的就有有关营销的术语，等等，不一而足。以下选自英文报章杂志文章的句子中就有不同商务领域的专用词汇，这些术语在汉语译文中一般都能找到相应的术语。,(2)专业术语,例4：Since profit rates were falling in some big,basic sectors of the economy,corporations tried for quicker and larger
10、returns by investing in retail,services,and financial speculation.由于某些大的基础经济部门利润率开始下降，所以各公司纷纷通过投资零售业、服务业和佥融投机业以获取更快更高的收益。,(2)专业术语,例5：Early-stage investments in young companies in high growth sectors represent an area where US venture capitalists can fill a gap,given that European firms tend to focus
11、 on mid and late venture capital.欧洲公司倾向于把重点放在中长期风险资本上，而对高增长部门中的新公司进行早期投资是美国风险投资者可以操作的一个领域。例6：For example,a manufacturer of basic materials and its major distributor work closely to revamp their shared supply chain.譬如，基础材料的生产商及其主要分销商密切合作，改变其共享的供应链。,2语法特点及其翻译,(1)时态特点及其翻译 商务报章杂志文章大多是新闻报道或学术文章，这些文章一般重在强
12、调所提供信息的实效性和客观性，所以英文商务报章杂志文章多使用现在时，尤其多使用一般现在时，从而增加文章的说服力和可信度。由于汉语动词在时态上不会出现屈折变化，所以翻译时只要忠实于原文就不会出现时态的错译。,(1)时态特点及其翻译,One of the key elements of a successful marketing strategy is a thorough understanding of who your customers are and what“needs”they are looking to satisfy.Customer groups or segments c
13、an be identified and each targeted with marketing activity that specifically addresses their particular needs.In order to meet customer needs and remain competitive,it is important to identify and respond to any changes in customer needs and attitudes in your industry and in the broader economic cli
14、mate.It is therefore vital that you assess your business environment when developing your marketing strategy.,(1)时态特点及其翻译,成功的营销策略中一个关键因素就是要彻底了解你的客户是谁，他们的“需求”如何。可以确定客户群，有针对性地为每一客户群举办营销活动，注重客户的特殊需求。为满足客户需求，保持竞争力，有必要发现你所在的行业中以及更大的经济范围内客户需求和态度上的变化，并对此做出反应。因此，关键在于，制定营销策略时就要评估自己所在的业务环境。,(1)时态特点及其翻译,当然，也有的
15、商务文本，特别是新闻报道倾向根据事情发生的时间采用过去时，但不影响译文。例9：The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is not unduly concerned about tumbling stock markets,although an economic slowdown would affect demand for crude,the head of Libyas OPEC delegation said.石油输出国组织(OPEC)利比亚代表团团长认为，尽管经济发展速度减缓可能会影响对原油的需求，但石油输出国组织没有过分
16、关注暴跌的股票市场。,(2)语态特点及其翻译,无论是英文商务报章杂志文章还是学术性商务文章中，被动语态的使用并不频繁，而是主动语态占了多数。,例10：There is still a sense in the markets that a strong economy means higher inflation,and a weak economy means lower inflation.But over the past decade,the growth/inflation relationship has become a lot fuzzier,because the proce
17、sses that influence inflation have changed drastically.A lot of market folks still havent caught on,which can lead to misguided expectations about Federal Reserve policy and interest rates.To begin with,the Fed has built enormous credibility as an inflation fighter,and central banks around the world
18、 have placed a new emphasis on inflation control.These efforts have held down expectations of future inflation among both businesses and consumers.With expectations more firmly anchored,its harder for inflation to spiral upward as an economy strengthens.(From A Stronger Economy?Yes.Higher Inflation?
19、No by James C.Cooper,Business Week,February 5,2007,P.25),(2)语态特点及其翻译,市场上仍然存在这样的认识，即发达的经济意味着高通胀，落后的经济意味着低通胀。但过去十多年来，增长与通胀之间的关系变得模糊，因为影响通胀的过程发生了很大变化。有些市场人士没有认识到这一点，因此导致对美联储政策和利率的错误预期。首先，美联储已经建立了很强的信用度来对抗通胀，世界各央行进一步强调通胀控制，这些工作降低了企业和消费者对未来通胀的预期。由于预期相对固定，所以通胀很难随经济的发展而螺旋上升。,(3)句式结构特点及其翻译,英文商务报章杂志文章的句式相对比较
20、简单，即使使用复合句，也并不是复杂的复合句，而且简单句用得多，只不过是复杂的简单句，即通过一些分词短语和介词短语使简单句略显复杂，使用扩展的简单句是英文新闻报道文体的一个重要特点，“新闻报道文体要求一个简单句能容纳尽可能多的信息，因此新闻报道者常常将简单句的基本句型予以扩展，构成扩展的简单句(expanded simple sentences)。”（刘世生等，2006:218）另外，英文商务报章杂志文章还经常使用插入语。因为“插入语具有相对的独立性，它可以对所报道的事件进行补充说明，从而为读者提供更多的背景资料”（刘世生等，2006:218）。,(3)句式结构特点及其翻译,例11:The co
21、mpany responsible for bringing change to this rural outpost:China Mobile Ltd.Since it was spun off from fixed-line operator China Telecom Corp.in 2000,China Mobile has grown into the worlds biggest cellular carrier.The company is singing up nearly 5 million new customers a month and recently topped
22、the 300 million mark-more than the entire population of the U.S.In 2006,revenues grew 21%,to$37.8 billion,and net income 23%,to$8.7 billion,estimates Deutsche Bank.And its Hong Kong-traded shares more than doubled in the past year,giving China Mobile a market capitalization of$198 billion and making
23、 it the most valuable cellular carrier on earth.The company also has global ambitions:On Jan.22,it announced it was buying 89%of Paktel Ltd.,Pakistans fifth-largest cellular carrier.(From Chinas Mobiles Hot Signal by Dexter Roberts,Business Week,February 5,2007,P.42),(3)句式结构特点及其翻译,例11译文：给这一农村地区带来变化的
24、是中国移动通信集团公司。自2000年从固定电话运营商中国电信公司分离以来，中国移动通信集团公司已经成为全球最大的移动电话公司。该公司一个月内与近500万新客户签约，客户总数最近突破3亿，超过美国的总人口数。德意志银行估计，2006年，中国移动通信集团公司销售收入增长21%，达378亿美元，净收入增长23%，达87亿美元。过去一年其港股（H股）市值增长了一倍多，给中国移动通信集团公司带来了1980亿美元的市值资本，从而使该公司成为世界上市值最高的移动电话商。该公司还有向全球拓展业务的雄心：1月22日，其宣布将购买巴基斯坦第五大移动通讯运营商Paktel公司89%的股份。,(3)句式结构特点及其翻
25、译,如果是复杂的长句，译者就要采取“层层剥笋”的方法，先把原文进行拆分，然后根据逻辑关系，按照汉语的表述习惯进行重组。例12：Much of Clear Medias success is due to changes that have swept China since it started opening its markets after jointing the World Trade Organization two years ago.白马户外媒体公司的成功得益于两年前中国加入世界贸易组织后开放其市场以来整个中国发生的变化。,3语气特点及其在翻译中的把握,商务报章杂志文章既然包括
26、商务报道和商务论文，那么其语气偏于正式。从上文的用词特点、语法特点和句式结构特点，我们可以看出，由于使用商务术语较多，语法和句式结构比较规范，所以它们表现出的语气也就比较正式。譬如下面的一段英文虽然句式结构比较简单，但语气还是相当正式的，那么翻译的时候，应该注意要传达出原文的语气。要做到这一点，一般要使用汉语中的正式词汇和文言词汇来取代口语词汇和白话词汇。,例13：There are a number of steps for member states to follow when bringing a case before the WTO dispute settlement syste
27、m.First,members in disagreement over a given issue are required to take part in consultations.If consultations fail to settle a dispute,the member which brings the case has the right to request that a panel be established by the Dispute Settlement Body.The responding country has the right to refuse
28、the appointment of the first panel assigned;however,this is limited to the establishment of the first panel only.Once appointed,the panel generally has 60 days to produce a final report.Then the panel reports its findings to WTO members for re-view.Finally the Dispute Settlement Body has two months
29、to adopt or reject the panels report.Both member states of a dispute have the ability to appeal panel findings.This makes the dispute settlement process longer,often for 3-4 months.,3语气特点及其在翻译中的把握,成员国将案件提交世界贸易组织(WTO)争端解决体系应遵循以下步骤。首先，在某一特定问题上存在争议的成员国应进行磋商。若磋商未能解决争端，诉讼国有权要求争端解决机构成立一专门小组，应诉国有权否决第一个专门小组
30、的任命，但仅限于第一个小组的任命。一旦得到任命，该专门小组通常有60天的时间完成一份最终报告。然后，专门小组将其调查结果提交WTO成员国审议。最后，争端解决机构有两个月的时间决定接受或否决专门小组的报告。争端双方可以就专门小组的调查结果提起诉讼，但这会延长争端解决的过程，一般可达3-4个月。,（二）中文商务报章杂志文章的文体特点及翻译,1用词特点及其翻译(1)新闻报道用语中文商务报章杂志的文章会出现“据悉”、“据报道”、“根据调查”、“根据预计”、“统计数据显示”、“另有消息称”、“从处了解到”“指出”等等。这些表达方式在英文中基本能找到对应的表达方法，如as is reported，it i
31、s reported，according to the survey，it is estimated,statistics show that，以及it is learned from that,(1)新闻报道用语,例14：据德国媒体报道，欧洲空客公司将废除目前的每周35小时工作制，而将其延长至40小时。As is reported by German media,European Airbus will abolish its mechanism of 35 work-hours and prolong them to 40.例15：记者从福建省证券期货业协会了解到，福建计划在3月份出台投资
32、者教育工作方案，并力争在4月份实施。The reporter learns from the Securities&Futures Association of Fujian that theprovince will work out an investor education scheme and try to implement it in April.,(2)专业术语,例17：国家开发银行的良好市场业绩来源于开发银行国内领先的风险管理能力。The good market performance of China Development Bank is owed to its riskm
33、anagement capability leading throughout the country.例18：但从中国商业零售业的业态分布看，传统大型商场所占比重较大，目前依然是消费品市场的零售主力军。然而近几年连锁超市、专卖店、仓储店也发展迅速，大有与百货商店平分秋色的态势。,(2)专业术语,However,the structure of Chinas retail industry indicates that traditional large department stores are still the main player,representing a significant
34、 proportion of the whole industry.In recent years,however,chain supermarkets,specialty stores and megastores have developed at an alarming rate,snatching a large slice of the re-tail pie from department stores.例19：澳大利亚是一个资源密集型国家，农业生产依赖于向周边国家的出口，而在国际市场上，澳大利亚农产品出口受到美国、欧盟补贴出口的激烈竞争。Australia is a resour
35、ce-intensive country,so its agricultural production relies on the export to its surrounding countries.In the international market,Australia is faced with the fierce competition of export subsidy for agricultural products from the United States and European Union.,2语法特点及其翻译,(1)时态和语态特点及其翻译例20：报告提供的数据显
36、示，截至2005年底，中国居民金融资产余额首次突破20万亿元大关，达到20.65万亿元，比2004年增长16.3%。Data as provided by the report show that by the end of 2005,the balance of Chinese residents financial assets had,for the first time,broken through RMB 20,000 billion,amounting to RMB 20,650 billion,with an increase of 16.3%in comparison to t
37、hat in 2004.,(1)时态和语态特点及其翻译,例21：如果纵容通胀，则将会进一步推高资产价格泡沫，并影响消费者的消费信心，同样不利于经济的持续增长。If the inflation is not controlled,the asset price bubble will be enlarged and thus the consumers confidence in their consumption will be weakened,which will similarly hinder the steady growth of the economy.,(2)句式结构特点及其翻
38、译,无主句是汉语一种很重要的句型。中文商务报章杂志文章经常使用无主句。因为无主句不用说出动作的发出者，所以可以加强所提供商务信息的客观性。但由于英文句子一般都是主谓结构，所以，翻译时有时变成被动语态，有时根据情况添加主语，使用主动语态。例22：如果为防止可能出现的通胀状况动用利率政策加息，那么很可能将挤破资产价格泡沫，并不利于经济的持续增长。,(2)句式结构特点及其翻译,If the interest policy-interests increase is adopted to prevent the possible inflation,the asset price bubble wil
39、l be probably broken,which will be unfavorable for the steady growth of the economy.例23：只有改革创新，才能有效地挖掘、组合、利用自然资源和人力资源。Only through reform and innovation can we effectively explore,integrate and utilize natural resources and human resources.例24：要根据我国经济发展状况，充分考虑世界科学技术加快发展和国际经济结构加速重组的趋势，着眼于全面提高国民经济整体素质
40、和效益，增强综合国力和国际竞争力，对经济结构进行战略性调整。,(2)句式结构特点及其翻译,In line with our economic development and the global trend of accelerated progress in science and technology and the speedy restructuring of the international economy,we should make strategic readjustments to our economic structure aimed at improving the
41、quality and performance of the entire national economy in an all-round way and at boosting the overall national strength and our international competitiveness.,(2)句式结构特点及其翻译,相对于英文商务报章杂志文章，中文商务报章杂志文章的很多句子相对要长，多用并列结构，例25：专家分析说，新条例实施后，今后从事特许经营行业，至少拥有两个直营店，经营时间超过一年，这样一来可以有效防止一些企业利用特许经营进行欺诈，有利于规范整个特许经营行业
42、的发展。专家称，目前，在我国有些特许经营行业，少数不具备资质的个人也混杂在特许经营队伍当中，从而，给整个特许经营市场造成影响。,(2)句式结构特点及其翻译,Experts analyze that after the new regulations are put into force,the industries with licensed operation shall have at least two retail stores and have been in business for at least one year.Thus cheating through licensed
43、operation by some businesses can be effectively prevented,which will be favorable for the sound development of the entire licensed operation industry.Experts also say that some unqualified individuals are engaged in the licensed operation in China,which has produced negative influence on the whole l
44、icensed operation market.,3语气特点及其翻译,和英文商务报章杂志文章一样，汉语同类的文章也偏于正式，这可以从上文使用固定的词语程式、商务术语、无主句和并列结构的长句看得出来。例26：首先，是要创建良好的租户组合体系，并在经营中注重对租户适当地进行调整，以适应不断变化的市场需求。其次，是要建立有效的营销推广体系，引起消费者的关注的同时，也增加租户的经营信心。最后是通过建立高标准的物业管理体系，来创造安全、舒适、整洁的购物环境和人性化的购物感受。,3语气特点及其翻译,First,we will form a sound tenant grouping system and
45、 properly readjust the tenants in our operation to meet the demand of the changing market;secondly,we will set up an effective marketing system to arouse the consumers attention and enhance the tenants confidence in their business as well;finally,we will establish a high-standard property management
46、 system to provide a safe,cosy and clean shopping environment and personalized shopping ambience.,三 商务报章杂志文章的翻译原则,（一）标题言简意赅、生动形象；（二）术语使用得当；（三）句式灵活处理；（四）杷握原文语气。,（一）标题言简意赅、生动形象,例27：After the Booms Everything Is Gloom 繁荣不再 萧条即来 例28：Tapping a Risky Labor Pool 大胆开拓，才源滚滚例29：民营经济在鼓励中渐进 Nongovernmental Econ
47、omy Encouraged On 例30：取消利息税，呼声获回应Interest Tax Rejection Responded,（二）术语使用得当,例31：In 2006,Japan experienced an economic revitalization after nearly a decade of deflation,bankruptcies,and sagging profits.在将近十年的通货紧缩、破产和利润下降之后，2006年，日本经济得以复苏。例32：Intrinsic motivations are congruent with your values and ar
48、e more fulfilling than extrinsic motivations.内部动机符合你的价值观，比外部动机更具成就感。,（二）术语使用得当,例33：One area where cost control in the labour market is vividly apparent is corporate benefits,particularly for health care.劳动力市场上成本控制非常明显的一个方面就是公司福利，特别是卫生保健方面的福利。例34：必须给予国际货币基金组织充分支持，使之提供长期贷款，从而促使各发展中国家振兴出口业。The IMF must
49、 be given enough support to make long-term loans in order to enable developing countries to revive their exports.,（二）术语使用得当,例35：如果公司预计将来实施配额制度，其策略就是不考虑赢利间题而是获得尽可能多的市场份额。If a firm anticipates the future imposition of quotas,its strategy will be to gain as much market share as possible regardless of p
50、rofitability.,（三）句式处理灵活,例36：And its Hong Kong-traded shares more than doubled in the past year,giving China Mobile a market capitalization of$198 billion and making it the most valuable cellular carrier on earth.过去一年其港股（H股）市值增长了一倍多，给中国移动通信集团公司带来了1980亿美元的市值资奉，从而使该公司成为世界上市值最高的移动电话商。,（三）句式处理灵活,例37：In 2
