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1、Lecture 6,正反译法,Leave me alone.C.留下我单独。B.让我一个人呆在。A.别理我；别烦我；你滚开。The two little diamonds on that ring look greater they really are.B.那枚戒指上的两小块钻石看上去比它们真的大。A.那枚戒指上的两小块钻石看起来比较大，但实际上并没有那么大。,Now,ten years later,she has gained her masters degree from Harvard University and is finally off welfare.现在经过十年以后，她已获
2、得了哈佛大学的硕士学位，并终于摆脱了政府救济。现在经过十年以后，她已获得了哈佛大学的硕士学位，并终于不再依靠政府救济。,一、引子,Matties hand was underneath,and Ethan kept his clasp on it a moment longer than necessary.原译：玛提的手在下，伊桑把它握住，握得比必要的时间长了一会儿。改译：玛提的手在下，伊桑把它握住，没有立刻松开。,正反译法定义,原文本来是正面表达，译文却从反面着笔；或者，原文用肯定语气的，译文不妨倒过来，采取否定或换反义词加否定语气。另一方面，原文从反面表达，译文却从正面表达，也属于该范畴
3、。,习惯表达方式举例,spy film open caseKeep in lane!Keep off the lawn!I couldnt agree more with you.,反谍影片(正说反译）没有结案的案件不准换线！（正说反译）请勿践踏草地！（正说反译）我完全同意你的看法。（反说正译）,正说反译（英译汉）,I do think that it is beyond his power to fulfill the task.我的确认为要完成这项任务是他力所不及的He was absent from his own country last year.他去年不在自己的国家Do you k
4、now why she is always trying to avoid you?你知道她为什么老是不想见你？Her husband hates to see her stony face.她丈夫不愿见到她那张毫无表情的脸It would be most disastrous if even a rumor ofit were given out.甚至只要有一点点风声漏出去，结果就不堪设想,When Stephen was introduced to the old couple,they said simply,“Weve read your article.We expected to
5、meet an older man.”当史蒂夫被介绍给这对老年夫妇的时候，他们只是淡淡地说：“我们看过你的文章，没想到你这么年轻。”,Often people have bits of the past which they have never told to even their husbands or wives.It takes someone a bit more distanced to coax it out.C.人们往往有几个过去的秘密，就连自己的丈夫或妻子也从没告诉过。这需要一个更大距离的人来劝说他们把心中的秘密倒出来。A.人们往往有几个过去的秘密，就连自己的丈夫或妻子也从没
6、告诉过。这需要一个不那么亲近的旁人来劝说他们把心中的秘密倒出来。,正说反译（汉译英）,他一直希望自己能成为老板的助手The idea that he should become an assistant to his boss has never deserted him.今天下午学生统统要交作业 Students,with no exception,are to hand in their assignment.他光着脚走进了房间 He came into the room with no shoes on.这个小孩现在完全能自己走路了 The child can walk without
7、any help now.,反说正译（英译汉）,Suddenly he heard a sound behind him,and realized he was not alone in the garage.他突然听见背后有声响，便立即意识到车库里还有别人。In a little town such things cannot be done without remark.在小镇上，这类事情总会引起别人的议论。The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him.归国的念头始终萦绕在他的心头。（原文是否定的，译文从正面处
8、理，译为肯定句。）,Locals say the ban has sparked debate but there has been little resistance to the ban because smoking is not as much a part of Pakistani culture as drinking.当地人说这个禁令引发了一场辩论，但是很少有人反对，因为吸烟不像饮酒一样是巴基斯坦文化的一部分。因为吸烟不像饮酒,还算不上是巴基斯坦文化的一部分。,反说正译（汉译英）他提前三天到达是我们没想到的His arrival three days in advance is
9、beyond our expectation.毋庸置疑，中国的工业在近几十年已取得辉煌的成绩It is beyond doubt that China has made brilliant achievements in industry in the past few decades.士兵们发现他们还远远没有作好准备The soldiers found themselves far from ready to fight.双方认为，那和平建议是一个他们可以接受而不失体面的建议Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they cou
10、ld accept with dignity.,五、视角转换,视角转换定义：按照译语的思维方式或表达习惯重新组织原句的信息，从与原语不同（不包括相反）的角度来表达同样意思。,五、视角转换,Good winner,good loser.胜不骄，败不馁。Jackson was quite open.没有人防守杰克逊。I wont keep you waiting long.我一会儿就回来。,五、视角转换,The darkness was thinning,but the street was still dimly lighted.天渐渐有些亮了，然而街上还亮着暗淡的灯光。He drove slo
11、wly down the hill,his elbows resting on the wheel,his chin cupped in his hands。他慢慢顺山坡向下开去，两肘支在方向盘上，双手托着下巴。Old habits die hard.积习难除。,五、视角转换,He knocked his face on the door and his cheek turned black and blue.他的脸碰在了门上，因此，他的面颊变得青一块，紫一块。Ten to one the train will be late.这趟火车十之八九要晚点。在美国，人人都能买到枪。原译：In the
12、 United States,everyone can buy a gun.改译：In the United States,guns are available to everyone.,五、视角转换,你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。原译：You can obtain this information on the Internet.改译：This information is accessible/available on the Internet.他突然想到了一个新主意。原译：Suddenly he had a new idea./He suddenly thought out a new
13、idea.改译：A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him.,六、结束语,正面译不顺，不妨反面着笔，以求尽量发挥翻译技巧灵活多变的特点。翻译之所以成为艺术，就是它本身具有创造性。凡是能体现创造性的技巧，都不可能是墨守成规。所以反译自有其依据。反译有时是必需的，因为说英、汉语的两个民族的思维逻辑和表达方式不同。同一个概念，一个民族正面说，认为是合乎表达习惯的，而另一个民族则认为反着说或换个角度说才顺口。译者必须全面、深入掌握两种语言，才能自觉地和自如地运用正反译法这一技巧。,否定句,No more than You can no more swim th
14、an I can fly.(=Just as I can not fly,you can not swim.)跟我不能飞行一样，你也不能游泳注解：在后面的部分，表面上虽然有肯定的形式，但其含义是否定的可译为：“与同样不是”，或“跟一样不能”等更多的例句：,He is no more a god than we are.他和我们一样都不是神A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.鲸之非鱼犹马之非鱼也A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.正像没有
15、灵魂的身体不成其为人一样，没有爱家也不成其为家庭 无爱之家，不以为家；灵魂不在，何以为人？,There is no more dependence to be placed on his words than there is on the wind.其言之不可信赖，也像风之不足信赖一样It is no more easy to spend money than it is to make money.正如赚钱不容易一样，花钱也不容易,no less than,这是与no more than相反的一种表现法在no more than 的场合，连词than 前后都是否定，而在no less th
16、an 的场合，连词than的前后都是肯定可一译为“与同样是”“跟同样能”等例：A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is.和马是哺乳动物一样，鲸也是哺乳动物He is no less guilty than you.他和你同样有罪,Not so much as=rather thannot so much=without even,His success is not so much by talent as by energy.他的成功与其说是由于才能不如说是由于努力The ocean does not so much divide the wor
17、ld as unite it.与其说陆以洋分，不如说是陆以洋合Success in life does not depend so much on ones school scores as on ones honesty and diligence.事业的成功与其说是靠在学校的成绩，不如说是靠为人的诚实和勤勉,He is not so much a scholar as a writer.与其说他是学者，不如说他是作者The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach you t
18、he art of learning.学校教育最大的效用，不在教你一些知识，而在教你学习的方法,Cannottoo,You cannot be too careful.You cannot be over carefulYou cannot be careful enough.You cannot be sufficiently careful.You cannot take enough care.,It is impossible to speak in terms of too high praises of his merits.他的功绩无论怎样赞扬也不为过。A book may be
19、 compared to your neighbor;if it be good,it cannot last too long;if bad,you cannot get rid if it too early.书如邻里，善者，则倍加珍惜，长久保存；其不善者，尽早弃之，不可犹豫。书犹邻，善者，亲之宜久；恶者，弃之宜早。,否定without,They never meet without quarrelling.他们每次见面必要吵架It never rains without quarrelling.不雨则已，一雨倾盆,否定but(在否定字或准否定字后面所有的“but“，都是具有”which
20、not“,“who not“,“that not“等否定意义的,There is no rule but has exception.条条规则都有例外There is no one but hopes to be rich.没有人不想发财There is nothing in the world but teaches us some good lesson.世界上的一切都能给我们好的教训,否定重心的转移,Plastics for industrial purposes are not valuable because they are colorful.工业塑料没有价值，因为它们五颜六色。工
21、业塑料不因为五颜六色而有价值。工业塑料并不是因其颜色鲜艳才有价值的。工业塑料的价值并不在于其颜色鲜艳。,否定的翻译,每种语言在表达形式上都有肯定形式与否定形式之分，汉语和英语也不例外。汉语和英语中的否定都可分为完全否定，部分否定和双重否定。对不同的否定形式应采取不同的译法。,汉语中表示完全否定的词语有：“不，决不，绝对不会，没有，非，未，无，不是，毫不，根本没有，根本不，完全不，否则”等部分否定：“并非所有的都，几乎没有，不总是，几乎不，不怎么”等双重否定：“非不，非莫，不没有”,英语中表示否定可用两种办法：借助词汇借助结构和表达方式,在借助词汇方面动词：fail,deny,defy,miss
22、,lack,ignore,refuse,neglect,overlook,exclude,withhold,refrain from,prevent from Such a chance was denied me.我没有得到这样一个机会使我们失望的是他不顾大局To our disappointment,he failed to take the overall situation into account.,名词：absence,failure,refusal,ignorance,neglect,exclusion,omission,lack,denial,scarcity他开车时心不在焉，
23、几乎闯祸His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident.他未能履行诺言，我们大家都很失望 His failure to carry out his promise has disappointed all of us.,形容词：ignorant,free from,far from,safe from,short of,这次演出根本没有失败，而是非常成功The performance was far from being a failure;it was a great success.据悉敌军给养不足 It i
24、s reported that the enemy troops are short of supplies.,副词和副词短语：little,otherwise,tooto 他显然有不同的想法He evidently thinks otherwise.我根本不知道他会遇到什么麻烦 I little knew what trouble he was going to have.,连词：unless,before,until,rather than,or.不了解这一点，就不能得到起码的知识Unless we grasp this point we shall never be able to ac
25、quire even elemental knowledge.部队宁可绕道走，也不踩庄稼The troops would rather take a roundabout way than tread on the crops.,介词和介词短语：without,above,except,beyond,instead of,in place of,out of 等如果没有你帮忙，那件任务我是无法完成的Without your help,I could not have fulfilled the task in time.,英语中含有半否定语气的词有：seldom,hardly,barely,s
26、carcely,rarely 等工作没有经验，出点差错，几乎是不可避免的Slips are scarcely avoidable when you have little experience in your work.那些民工挣到的钱几乎不够他们养家糊口 Those migrant workers hardly earn enough money to support their family.,那些民工挣到的钱几乎不够他们养家糊口他开车时心不在焉，几乎闯祸这次演出根本没有失败，而是非常成功到目前为止，这个组织的表现辜负了我们对它寄予的希望。长大后不再依赖我们的母亲并不一定意味着我们不再爱她
27、了,Those migrant workers hardly earn enough money to support their family.His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident.The performance was far from being a failure;it was a great success.The performance of his organization has not,so far,justified the hopes which we set on it.Our
28、being independent from our mothers after we grow up does not necessarily mean that we no longer love her.,课堂练习他不在，我感到很寂寞In his absence,I felt very lonely,他不顾他人，使得大家都很生气 His lack of consideration for the feelings of others angered everyone present.她没有同伴,只一个人坐在车厢一角动也不动 Traveling alone,she was sitting
29、still in the corner of the carriage.是重力使我们不致于从地球上抛出去 It is gravity that keeps us from falling off the earth.返回祖国的念头始终萦在绕他们心头 The thought of returning to his motherland never deserts him.The thought of returning to his motherland always haunts him.,During his lifetime,Xu Xiake traveled around in 16 p
30、rovinces,leaving his footprints nearly every corner of the country.When conducting his investigations,he never blindly followed the conclusions given in the books.He found many inaccuracies in the geographical documents left by his predecessors.To find out the real facts and detailed information,he
31、seldom traveled by carriage or boat.Instead,he would scale mountains and ford streams,making long treks entirely on foot.To find out the true picture of nature,he would venture deep into the mountain,Areas with perilous trails and forests seldom visited by human beings.As a result,he discovered many
32、 fantastic mountains and beautiful sceneries.In different seasons and at different hours of the day,he would come back for a revisit to the famous mountains at different places,making repeated observations of the ever-changing marvelous sceneries.,认识落后，才能去改变落后；学习先进，才有可能赶超先进。提高我国的科学技术水平，当然必须依靠我们自己努力，必须发展我们自己的创造，必须坚持独立自主自力更生的方针。但是独立自主不是闭关自守，自力更生不是盲目排外。科学技术是人类共同创造的财富。任何一个民族一个国家都需要学习别的民族别的国家的长处，学习人家的先进科学技术。我们不仅因为今天科学技术落后，需要努力向外国学习。即使我们的科学技术赶上了世界先进水平，也还要学习人家的长处。,
