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1、,名词性从句,Noun clauses,我的梦想是我能进入一所重点大学。,My dream is that I can enter a key university.,我能进入一所重点大学是我的梦想。,That I can enter a key university is my dream.,I have a dream that I can enter a key university.,我有一个梦想我能进入一所重点大学,我总是梦想着我能进入一所重点大学。,I always dream that I can enter a key university.,定义:,在句子中起名词作用的从句叫
2、名词从句。,作用:,在复合句中作宾语、表语、主语和同位语。,因此，名词性从句又可分为宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句。,请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句,What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he stole the car.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?It is said that the
3、y won the game.,(主从),(同位语从句),(宾从),(表从),(同位语从句),(主从),一、宾语从句,1.作动词的宾语,1)引导词that 可省略,I hear(that)he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.,2)由what,whether(if)引导,I want to know what he has told you.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.,3)动词+间接宾语+宾语从句,She told me that she would accept my invitation.,2
4、.作介词的宾语,Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.,3.It作为形式宾语,He has made it clear that he will not give in.,1)动词如make,find,think,feel,consider,believe等后面有宾补时，可用结构 make/find等+it+宾补（adj/n)+宾语从句。,I think it necessary that we take plenty of boi-led water every day.,2)有些表示好恶的动词
5、及动词短语后，如enjoy,like,love,appreciate,dislike,hate,cant help,see to,depend on,即这些动词及动词短语后面的宾语从句前要加 it.I hate it when they speak with their mouths full of food.I would appreciate it if you helped me.,See to it that children dont catch cold,宾语从句的引导词,1)连词:that,if,whether,2)连接代词:who,whose,what,which,3)连接副词
6、:when,where,how,why,She told me that she would accept my invitation.,I wonder whether you can change this note for me.,I dont know if he will attend the party.I dont know who knocked at the door.Do you know whose car it is?Can you tell me what they are doing?I dont know which school she studies in?,
7、Please tell me when the train arrives.Could you tell me where you are from?Let me tell you how much I spent on the car.Peter knew why his father was so angry.,主句的谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定词not,一般要把否定词not转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定.,1.否定的转移,I dont think this dress fit
8、s you well.,宾语从句的注意事项：,2.that不能省略的情况,1）that引导动词后的宾语从句时,可省略。但如果宾语从句是并列句时，引导第二个分句的that不可省略。He said(that)he was late for school again and that the teacher would punish him.,2)that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.,3.宾语从句的时态,1)主句用过去时,且从句中有具体的时间状语则用过去式(如从句表示客观真理,可用现在
9、时),He said he was born in 1980.Yesterday Tom said that the earth goes round the sun.,2)主句为现在时时,从句可根据需要选用各种时态,I think that the Greens have left for Hawaii.I want to know if/whether he will go surfing this afternoon.,3)以下动词后加宾语从句，从句需用should+do,should 可以省的虚拟语气。一个坚持insist,两个命令 order,command三个建议suggest,p
10、ropose,advise四个要求demand,require,request,desire,It was suggested that more teachers should be sent there to help them.Tom insisted that his leadership be recognized by all the boys.,练习:用whose,whom,what,how,that填空.,1.I think _ he will be all right in a few days.2.Do you know _ they are waiting for?3.H
11、e asked _ dictionary it was.4.Please pay attention to _ the teacher said.5.Can you tell me _ I can get to the railway station?,that,whom,whose,what,how,二、表语从句,表语从句放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”,1、由that引导，that不作成分，只起连接作用，且that不可以省略。,The fact is that we have lost the game.The trouble is that I have lost
12、his address.,2、由whether引导表示不确定，由because引导表示原因。,The point is whether we should lend him the money.It is because I have ever heard of the story.,3.what,which,who,whom,whose等连接代词及when,where,how,why等连接副词既引导句子又充当一定的句子成分.,The problem is who we can get to replace her.The question is how he did it.That was
13、what she did this morning on reaching the attic.,4.as if常与look,seem,sound等连系动词连用.,She looks as if she would cry.,5.在一些表示“建议，劝说，命令”的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。,My suggestion is that we（should）start early tomorrow.,经典试题,1.We cannot figure out_ quite a number of insects,birds,and animals are dying out.A.that
14、B.as C.why D.when 2.A modern city has been set up in_ was a wasteland ten years ago.A.what B.which C.that D.where 3.Parents are taught to understand_important education is to their childrens future.A.that B.how C.such D.so 4.You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is _ I disagree.A.why
15、 B.where C.what D.how,C,A,B,B,5.I think Father would like to know_ Ive been up to so far,so I decide to send him a quick note.A.which B.why C.what D.how 6.The road is covered with snow.I cant understand_ they insist on going by motorbike.A.why B.whether C.when D.how 7.-Are you still thinking about y
16、esterdays game?-Oh,thats_.A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited 8.People have heard what the President has said;they are waiting to see_ he will do.A.how B.that C.when D.what,C,A,A,D,9.-I think its going to be a big problem.-Yes,it c
17、ould be.-I wonder _ we can do about it.A.if B.how C.what D.that 10.Perseverance is a kind of quality-and thats _ it takes to do anything well.A.what B.that C.which D.why 11.I really dont know _ I had this photo taken.A.where it was that B.it was that C.where it was D.it was why,C,A,A,12.Never take _
18、for granted that I will help you.Better depend on yourself.A.that B.it C.which D.this 13.It looks _he is unhappy today.A.that B.if C.as if D.whether 14.These wild flowers are so special I would do_ I can to save them.A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever 15.The old woman was shocked by _ had happene
19、d to her daughter.A.whom B.which C.that D.what,B,C,A,D,三、主语从句,主语从句通常放在主句谓语动词之前,如Who will win the game is unknown.,1.it作形式主语的四个主要句型,1)It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that从句,Its a pity that we cant go.Its no surprise that our team should have won the game.,或由形式主语it代
20、替，而本身放在句子末尾。,2)It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句,It is certain that she will do well in her exam.It is probable that he told her everything.,3)It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句,
21、It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.,4)It+不及物动词(seem,happen等)+that从句,It seemed that Alice is not coming to the party at all.It happened that I was out that day.,2.主语从句的主谓一致,主语从句多表示单一概念,因此主句谓语动词多用单数.what 引导的从句根
22、据表达的含义来确定谓语动词的单复数.,When and where well go isnt decided.What we need are books/is water.,3.What与that的用法区别,what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,而that则不作句子成分.,What you said yesterday is right.That she is still alive is good news.,4.Whether和if的用法区别,1)通常,引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句用whether不用if,It doesnt matter whether she will come
23、or not.The problem is whether she will have enough time.,2)正式文体中，与or not连用时，用whether.I wonder whether it is big enough or not.注意，在口语中“ifor not”可接受，但连写的“if or not”总是错误的。3)做介词的宾语时用whether.I havent settled the question of whether Ill go back home.4)与不定式连用只能用whether.She hasnt decided whether to go or no
24、t.,经典试题,1.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.A.where B.what C.that D.how 2.I have always been honest and straightforward,and it doesnt matter _ Im talking to.A.who is it B.who it is C.it is who D.it is whom 3._ made the school proud was_ m
25、ore than 90%of the students had been admitted to key university.A.What;because B.What;that C.That;what D.That.;because,B,B,B,4.It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A.that B.when C.how D.what 5._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A.W
26、hat,what B.What,that C.That,that D.That,what 6.-What do you think of China?-_ different life is today from_ it used to be.How,what B.What,what C.How,that D.What,that 7._ you dont like him is none of my business.A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether 8._ I was free that evening.It happened to B.It happened th
27、at C.That happened D.It was happened that,D,A,A,C,B,9.It was true _ Alice did surprise her mother.A.that B.what C.that,what D.what,that 10.Its not yet clear _ of those will be chosen to do the job.A.that B.whom C.which D.whose 11._ in the newspaper that the Japanese minister will arrive next Monday.
28、A.It says B.It is said C.It has said D.He is said 12._ we have seen is quite different from _ we have heard.A.That,that B.What,that C.That,what D.What,what 13._ I have will be yours sooner or later.A.No matter what B.No matter whatever C.WhateverD.That 14._ was a well-known fact.A.That their team wa
29、s weak B.That their team being weak.C.Their team was weak D.If their team was weak,C,C,B,D,C,A,用主语从句 完成句子.,1._(她赢了这场比赛)made us very happy.2._(所需要的)is careful preparation.3._(她是否来)doesnt matter too much.4.That he will succeed is certain.(用it句型改写)_ 5.Why he did this is not known.(用it句型改写)_,That she wo
30、n the game,What is needed,Whether she is coming or not,It is certain that he will succeed.,It is not known why he did this.,四、同位语从句,同位语从句一般用whether，that等词引导，常放在名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系。,1.同位语从句的先行词多为fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,belief,hope,message,doubt,truth,informa
31、tion,theory,plan等,关联词多用从属连词that.,Where did you get the idea that I could not come?They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.,2.同位语从句意义完整,应用that;意义不完整需增加“是否”的含义,应用whether；需要增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用when，where，how等词。,I have no idea whether hell come or not.The question who sh
32、ould do the work requires consideration.,3.表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气（should+动词原形，should可省略）,This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon as possible.The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.,1.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别,句法功能上,意义上,that引导的同位语从句,tha
33、t引导的定语从句,只起连接从句的作用,无意义,在从句中不充当句子成分,不可省略,替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用,还充当句子成分.若在从句中作宾语可省略.,从句是对名词内容的解释说明,从句起修饰限定作用,是定语,名词性从句中易错易混现象,The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.The news that he told me yesterday is true.,同位语从句,that不可省略,定语从句,that在从句中作told的宾语,可省略,填上适当的连接词,1.I have no idea _ he will
34、be back.2.We heard the news _ our team had won.3.There arose the question _ we could get the loan 4.The suggestion _ the plan(should)be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.5.Have you heard the news _ Mary will be back soon?,when,that,where,that,that,2 名词性从句用陈述句语序。When we will leave here is uncertain.
35、3 who,whom,which,what等与whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever的区别Who will take the position is under discussion.(who意为“谁”带有疑问色彩)Whoever takes the position should be responsible for our company.(whoever意为“任何人”相当于 anyone who.He wants whatever(anything that）I have.,4 because,why 引导表语从句That was because he d
36、idnt work hard.That was why I asked three days leave.不能说The reason is because.,Can I speak to whoever(anyone who)is in charge of the company?,1.No one can be sure _ in a million years.A.what man will look like B.what will man look like C.man will look like what D.what look will man like2.Do you know
37、 _ hes getting along well with his English?A.how B.that C.what D.which3.The reason why he didnt come to the party is _ he was ill.A.because B.why C.that D.when 4.Go and get your coat.Its _ you left it.A.there B.where C.there where D.where there,A,B,C,B,5._ more countries can use natural energy in fu
38、ture _ to be seen.Whether;remains B.What;remains C.Who;remained D.If;remains6._ she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;that7._surprises me most is that she doesnt even know _ the difference between the two lies.Wh
39、at;where B.What;what C.That;where D.That;what,A,A,A,8._ is not yet decided _ the test will be given.That;when B.It;who C.That;who D.It;when 9.It was known to all that William had broken his promise _ he would give us a rise.A.which B.why C.that D.whether10.Word has come _ some British guests will come for a visit to our company next month.A.what B.that C.whether D.when,D,C,B,
