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1、美国名人歌手，词作家伍迪格斯里1WoodyGuthrie:SingingtheSongsofDustBowlRefugeesplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-16:42repeatByShelleyGollust2006-8-5VOICEONE:mMaryTillotson.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PEOPLEINAMERICA.Today,webeginatwo-partstoryaboutsongwriterandsingerWoodyGuthrie.Hewrotesongsabout
2、commonpeopleandsocialissuesinthenineteenthirties.Hismusicinfluencedmanypeople.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ImagineyouareinAmericainthenineteenthirties.Atrainpassesthroughthecountryside.Itisnighttime.Andtheonlysoundthatcanbeheardisthelong,lonelywhistlecomingfromthetrainsengine.Insidethetrainsboxcarsaregroupsofmen
3、sittingorlyingonthefloors.Themenaredirtyandtheirclothingistorn.Inoneboxcar,ashortmanwithlong,curlybrownhairisplayingaguitarandsinging.HisnameisWoodyGuthrie.Heissingingasongaboutmenwholookforworkastheytravelfromtowntotown.(MUSIC:IAintGotNoHome)VOICETWO:WoodrowWilsonGuthriewasborninnineteentwelveinthe
4、AmericanstateofOklahoma.TheGuthriefamilylivedinasmallfarmingtowncalledOkemah.Woodysfather,Charles,wasabusinessmanwhoboughtandsoldland.Woodysmother,Nora,wasaschoolteacher.Shealsolikedtoplaythepianoandsing.WhenWoodywasyoung,hismothersanghimsongsshehadlearnedasagirl.Thesesongstoldstoriesaboutloveanddea
5、thanddifficulttimes.VOICEONE:Woodysearlyyearswerehappyones.Buthislifebegantochangewhenhewasonlytenyearsold.Oneday,hissister;Clara,spilledoilonherdressandaccidentallysetherselfonfire.Shediedthenextday.Woodyneverforgotherdeath.Astimepassed,Woodysmotherbeganactingstrangely.Shelostcontroloverheractionsa
6、ndspeech.Manypeoplethoughtshewasinsane.BecauseofthisztheGuthriefamilybecamemoreprivateastheyattemptedtohideNorasproblems.ThelossofhisdaughterandhiswifessufferingruinedCharlesGuthrie.Hebegandrinkingalcohol.Hisbusinesssoonfailed.TheGuthriefamilyleftOkemahandlivedinseveraltownsinOklahomaandTexas.YoungW
7、oodyoftenhadtoworkinsteadofattendingschoolbecausehisfamilywaspoor.VOICETWO:ThefirstmusicalinstrumentWoodylearnedtoplaywastheharmonica.Helearnedtoplaytheharmonicabywatchinganoldmanplaytheinstrument.Woodylearnedhowtoplaytheguitarbywatchinghisfathersbrotherplay.Inthenineteentwenties,Woodywaslivinginthe
8、townofPampa,Texas.Pampawasknownasaboomtownbecauseithadgrownquicklyafteroilwasdiscoverednearby.Onweekends,Woodyjoinedotheryoungmentoplaymusicatdancesinthetown.Yearslater,Woodydescribedwhatsingingmeanttohim:Whenyousingasong,itreachesoutandenterspeoplesears.Itmakesthemjumpupanddown,andsingitwithyou.The
9、bestpartaboutsingingisthatyoucansingwhatyouthink.Youcantellallkindsofstoriesinasong,andputyourideasacrosstoanotherperson.VOICEONE:Woodylikedtocommunicatewithotherpeoplethroughhismusic.Yethedidnotliketosaymuchabouthimself.Onereasonforthiswasthathedidnotwantpeopletoknowthathismotherwasinahospitalforin
10、sanepeople.NoraGuthriesufferedfromHuntingtonsChoreazadiseasethatdestroysthebrainandnervoussystem.Woodyknewthatsomedayhealsomightdevelopthedisease.Hewasseventeenyearsoldwhenhismotherdied,innineteentwenty-nine.ThatwastheyearwhentheeconomyoftheUnitedStatesbegantoslowdown.Overthenextseveralyears,manyAme
11、ricanslosttheirjobs.TheperiodbecameknownastheGreatDepression.InPampaztheoilfieldsdriedup.Farmsinmanyareasfailedbecauselittleornorainfellforseveralyears.Thelandbecamesodrythatwindeasilyblewawaythetopsoil.TheseareasofTexas,OklahomaandotherstatesbecameknownastheDustBowl.VOICETWO:1.ikemanyotherpeople,Wo
12、odyGuthrieleftPampatotravelaroundTexasandtheSouthwestlookingforwork.Heoftenmadetripsbytrain.Butbecausehehadnomoney,hewouldjumponthetrainsboxcarsandrideforfree.Thiswasoftendangerous,becauseguardsonthetrainwouldthrowthemenofforarrestthem.However,Woodyfoundthislifeexciting.Oneofthefirstsongshewrotewasa
13、boutleavinghomeandfleeingtheDustBowl.(MUSIC:SoLong,ItsBeenGoodtoKnowYou)VOICEONE:WoodyGuthriemarriedMaryJenningsinnineteenthirty-three.Theyhadthreechildren.Threeyearslater,WoodylefthisfamilyandtraveledtoCalifornia.Hemetmanykindsofpeopleduringhistravels.Healsolearnedsongsfrommanydifferentpartsoftheco
14、untry.Yetwhataffectedhimmostwasthesufferinghesaw.Hesaid:WhenIsawhard-workingpeoplesufferingunderdebts,sicknessandworries,Iknewtherewasplentytomakeupsongsabout.VOICETWO:InCalifornia,Woodyearnedmoneybyplayinghisguitarandsinging.Later,hebeganperformingonaradioprogramwithafriend,MaxineCrissman.Shewascal
15、ledLeftyLou.TheyhadoneofthemostpopularradioprogramsinLosAngeles.TheysangsongsWoodyhadwrittenaboutsocialissues.HisbestsongswereaboutthetroublesAmericansfacedduringtheDepression.Thissongisaboutthedangersofcoalmining.ItiscalledTheDyingMiner.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteenthirty-eight,WoodyGuthrielefttheradi
16、oprogramtotravelaroundCalifornia.HefoundthatconditionshadbecomeworseformanypeoplewhohadlosttheirlandandfledtheDustBowl.MostoftheseDustBowlrefugeescouldonlyfindseasonalfarmworklikegatheringfruitfromtrees.Farmownersdidnotpaytheseworkersmuchmoney.Theworkerslivedincampsthatwereoftendirtyandhadnorunningw
17、ater.Hungerandsicknesswerewidespread.Thepeopleinthecampsseemedtohavelostallhopeofimprovingtheirlives.WoodywroteasongaboutthemcalledDustBowlRefugees.(MUSIC)TheoppressionandbadconditionsintheworkerscampsmadeWoodyGuthrieangry.Hebeganhelpinglabororganizersestablishunionstohelptheworkers.Nextweek,wetella
18、bouthowhetraveledtoNewYorkCityandbecameawell-knownmusician.(MUSIC:InstrumentalVersionofThisLandisYourLand)VOICEONE:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyPaulThompson.mMaryTillotson.VOICETWO:AndImSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
