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1、小学英语六年级全册语法重难点讲解集合一、 名词表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。注意：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用 is 或者 was；最好不要根据 some、any、a lot of等词去作判断，以免受误导。1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”：a一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds；读音：清辅音后读s，浊辅音和元音后读z。b以 s、x、 sh、ch 结尾的，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；读音：iz。c以“
2、辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加-es，如：family-families, hobby-hobbies, story-stories, library-libraries；读音：z。d以“f 或 fe”结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives，thief-thieves；读音：z。e以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况:（1）有生命的+es，如：mango-mangoes；tomato-tomatoes；potato-potatoes; hero-heroes; negro-negroes。（口诀：黑人英雄爱吃芒果、土豆和西红柿）（2）无生命的+s，如：r
3、adio-radios；photo-photos；zoo-zoos；piano-pianos。f. 不规则名词复数：（1）单复数同形：sheep-sheep;deer- deer;fish-fish（用fishes表示很多不同种类的鱼）;people-people;Chinese-Chinese;Japanese-Japanese;yuan-yuan（2）变a为e：man-men；woman-women; policewoman-policewomen;snowman-snowmen（3） mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth2、
4、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。一般结构为：数词+量词+of+不可数名词，复数体现在量词上，如twocupsof tea（两杯茶）。常见的不可数名词有:milk,water,juice,coffee,soup,bread,rice,hair,paper,advice,homework,news,information,tea,beer等。例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice.练一练：（一）写出下列各词的复数。him _ this _ box_ watc
5、h_mango_child _ photo _ diary day_ foot_ dress _ tooth_sheep _box_ strawberry _ thief _ engineer_ peach_sandwich _man_woman_ leaf_people_ bread（二）用所给词的适当形式填空。1、She can sing many (song).2、Peter have three(e-friend).3、Hes six (year) old.4、Lily has gone to several foreign (country).5、Wang Bing could sp
6、eak different (language).6、We have eight (lesson) every day.7、Sam and Billy talk about their (hobby).8、I have lots of good (friend) in Nanjing.9、Are there any (student) in the classroom?10、Tom has a few nice story (book).11、Millies mother often makes (cake) for us.12、Ted has hundreds of (toy) at hom
7、e.13、Jack always has lots of good (idea).14、Our farm has fifty-four (sheep) this year.15、My parents are English (teacher).16、Teacher Wu often tells some funny (story) in class.17、All of the people here are (writer).18、The ground is full of (leave).19、The two(thief) were caught by the police.20、We al
8、l like (hero).21、He loves eating(mango) very much.22、These(tomato) are very fresh.23、We have few (potato) left.24、There are so many(child) in the kindergarten.25、Many students in this school are(Chinese).26、The book is six (yuan).27、Lily has two(glass) of milk.28、There (be )some bread on the table.2
9、9、Do you like having some(coffee).30、I have two(bowl) of rice everyday.二、冠词冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。1、不定冠词：a、an。用在单数名词前，表示“一个，一件”。an 用在以元音（a/e/i/o/u）发音开头的单词前。如：an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English teacher, an hour2、定冠词：the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思，表示特指某个事物。基本用法如下：（1）用来表示特指某（些）人
10、或某（些）事物。如：The map on the wall is new.（2）表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture, please.（3）表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.（4）用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球（5）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Great Wall 长城（6）用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如：the Changjiang River 长江（7）此外，序数词、形容词最高级、
11、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词 the。如：the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class。确定用 a、an 还是 the 时可根据汉语意思。定冠词的用法口诀：特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；某些专有名，习语及乐器。不用冠词的几种情况口诀：下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前；专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭；复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。以上口诀主要概括了一般应“免冠”的几种情况，即：名词前已有作定语用的this、that、some、any、my等限定词专有
12、名词和不可数名词前表示学科的（如：maths、Chinese、physics）名词前球类活动的名词前及三餐总称前复数名词表示泛指（一类人或事）时节日、季节、星期、月份前表示颜色（如：Its red / yellow.）、语种（如：speak English/Japanese）和国家的非全称名词（如：We live in China. They come from America.）在称呼或表示头衔的名词前某些习惯短语中（如：in bed、go to school等）练一练：（一）用 a 或 an 填空。 _ “UFO”_ ice-cream _ goalkeeper_ teapot _ app
13、le_old man_office_English book _minute_umbrella（二）根据需要，填写冠词 a，an 或 the。（1）Who is _girl behind _tree?（2） _old man has two children, _ son and _daughter.（3）This is _ orange. _ orange is Lucys.（4）He likes playing _guitar. We have _same hobby.（5）We all had_good time last Sunday.（6）She wants to be_doctor
14、.（7） cat can catch mice.（8）The ant is insect .（9）Lucy spends hour doing her home work everyday .（10）Bobs father is engineer .（11）John is honest boy .（12） number of teachers in our school is 77.（13） number of foreign visitors will come to Beijing next week.（14）China has population of more than 1.3 bi
15、llion.（15） more you speak English, better you will be.（16） elephant is a kind of animal in Africa.三、数词我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。区别：基数词前面没有“the”；序数词前一定要有“the”，且序数词翻译一般为“第几。”。1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如：21 twenty-one2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上 and。如：101 a/one hundred and one3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时
16、，一定别忘了它的复数形式。如：十八个男孩 eighteen boys4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时，如是复数，变它的量词为复数。如：两碗米饭 two bowls of rice5、序数词一般加“th”，特殊的有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth 以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth “第几十几”：前面整十不变，后面“几”改为序数词。如：88 eighty-eighth基数词变序数词口诀：基变序，很容易，一二三，特殊记，th从四起，八去t来九去e，遇到ve，f替，ty变为tie，
17、后加th莫迟疑，若想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。练一练：1、汉译英。60 名学生 15 本英语书 4 个孩子 6 月 2 日 40 年前 上学第一天 九杯凉水 12 月 31日 第九周 在8点整 2、把下列基数词改成序数词。one fourteen two twenty three thirty-five nine eighty-one six sixteen twelve twenty-two 四、代 词代词是我们经常用到的一类词，代词代替名词、动词、形容词、数量词的词。如：我、他们、自己、人家、谁、怎样、多少、那里、这儿等。代词通常会显示出人称和数的区别：一般区分第一、第二和第三人称，以及
18、单复数等。代替名词、动词、形容词、数量词、副词的词，包括：）人称代词，如“我、你、他、我们、咱们、自己、人家”，b）疑问代词，如“谁、什么、哪儿、多会儿、怎么、怎样、几、多少、多么”，c）指示代词，如“这、这里、这么、这样、这么些、那、那里、那么、那样、那么些”。英语代词可以分为：1、人称代词: I我 you你 he他 she她 they他们 me我（宾格）you你（宾格）him他（宾格）her她（宾格）them他们（宾格）2、物主代词:my我的 his他的 your你的（your你们的） their他们的 hers她的3、指示代词 this这 that那 these这些 those 那些4、
19、反身代词myself我自己 himself他自己 themselves他们自己5、疑问代词who谁 what什么 which哪个6、不定代词some一些 many许多 both两个；两个都7、替代词one（单数），ones（复数） 用于替代前面出现的同类事物小学阶段重点考察人称代词和物主代词。人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句中做宾语，多用于动词、介词后；形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名词是属于谁的；名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如：This is my bag. = Thi
20、s is mine. That is her ruler. = That is hers.一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。详见表格：代词人称第 一 人 称第 二 人称第 三 人 称单复数单数复数单数复数单 数复数人称代词主 格Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾 格meusyouyouhimheritthem物主代词形容词性myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs练一练：（一）按要求写出相应人称代词。I（宾格）_she（形容词性物主代词）_we（名词性物主代
21、词）he（复数）_us（单数）_theirs（主格）_ its（宾格）_We（反身代词）_This（复数）_Those（单数）_（二）用所给词的适当形式填空。1）That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2）The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she )3）Is this _watch? ( you ) No, its not _. ( I )4）_ is my brother. _name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he
22、)5）_dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _? ( you )6）Show _ your kite, OK? ( they )7）I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it )8）Are these _tickets? No, _are not _. _ arent here. ( they )9）Shall _have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we )10）_is my aunt. Do yo
23、u know _ job? _is a nurse. ( she )11）Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _parents. ( they )12）Dont touch _. _is not a cat, _ is a tiger! ( it )13）_ sister is ill. Please go and see _. ( she )14）The girl behind _ is our friend. ( she )15） Look, this is new bike. I like it very much.(I)16） We have t
24、wo new friends, names are Sam and Tim.(they)17） Mary usually goes shopping with_ parents.(she)18）Look at this school, its big and beautiful. We love very much.(it)19）What is phone number? (he)20） How do spell name? (you)21） sister is a teacher. (she)22）This is a bedroom, there is a bed in .（it）23） (
25、 we)house is larger than .(they )24） Which story is better, ( you )or ( he)?25）Thats Toms book. Please give to.(he)26）He is too young to look after .(he)27） This is your watch,not .(he)五、形容词、副词1、形容词表示某一事物或人的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词有三种形式：原形、比较级、最高级。比较级：+er 最高级：the +est两个重要特征：asas 中间一定用原形，than 的前面一定要+er。
26、2、形容词、副词比较级的规则变化如下：（1）一般直接+er。如：tall - taller, fast - faster 单音节词如果以-e 结尾，只加-r。如：late -later（2）重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须双写这个字母，再加-er。如：big - bigger, fat- fatter（3）以辅音字母加-y 结尾的词，变 y 为 i，再加-er。如：heavy - heavier, early - earlier（4）双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加 more 构成。如：beautiful - more beautiful,careful - more careful
27、, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting（5）有些不规则变化的，须逐一加以记忆。如：good/well better, bad/ill worse, many/much more, far farther/further, old older/elder3、形容词变副词规则形容词变副词一般情况下直接加ly；少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly；以-ll结尾时，只须加y；以辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加y。（1）直接加ly.如:real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefull
28、y; hopeful-hopefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly （2）以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly.如:busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily ；happy-happily（3）某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly.如:terrible-terribly; true-truly; gentle-gently 练一练：1、写出下列形容词、副词的比较级。Big short light Early good thin St
29、rong late long Heavy high well Tall young far Fast old fat Low slow busy 2、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1) I can swim as _ ( fast ) as the fish, I think.2) Look! His hands are _ ( big ) than mine.3) I think you do these things_ ( well ) than your classmates.4) Whose bag is _ ( heavy ), yours or mine?5) Does Jim
30、run as _（slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs_ ( slow ) than them.6) You have seven books, but I have _ ( many ) than you. I have ten.7) I jump _ ( far ) than some of the boys in my class.8) Im very_ ( thin ), but shes _ ( thin ) than me.9) It gets _and_ ( warm ) when spring comes here.10) My brother
31、 is two years _(old)than me.11) Tom is as _(fat) as Jim.12) Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes,she is.13) Who is _(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.14) Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers? Hers is. 15)Marys hair is as _(long) as Lucys.16)Ben _ (jump) _ (high) than some of the boys in his class.1
32、7)_ Nancy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _.18)Fangfang is not as _ (tall) as the other girls.19)My eyes are _(big) than _ (she).20)Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig?21)Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom?22)_the girls get up_(early) than the boys?No,they_.23) Jim runs _(slow). But Ben runs _
33、(slow).24)The child doesnt_(write) as _(fast) as the students.25)My sister is getting _.（fat） 3、翻译句子1、谁比Jim年纪大?_ is _than Jim?2、谁比David更强壮?是Gao Shan. _ _ than David? Gao Shan _.3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的?我想是她的。_ pencil is _,_or_?_is,I think.4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的? 我的弟弟的。_ apples _ _,your _ or your _? My _ _.5、你
34、和你的叔叔一样高吗?是的。 _ _as _as your uncle?Yes,I am.6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。He _ as _ as _ _ Jim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗?不，她比他瘦。_ _ as _ as_ twin _? No, _ _ than him.8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。 Yang Ling _ to _ _ than Su Yang every day.9.我跳得和Mike一样远。 I _ as _ as Mike.10.Tom比你跑得快吗?不是的,他和我跑得一样快。_ Tom _ _ than you?No,he _. He_ a
35、s_ as_.11.多做运动，你会更强壮。 _ more exercise,youll _ _ soon.12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。 I _ _ at Science.But I dont _ well in Chinese.4、写出下列词的副词形式happy sad glad loud quiet angry careful hard fast good quick weak bad excited busy heavy slow clear early late lucky high polite hungry easy far full deep 5、用所给词的适当形式填空。（1
36、）The boy laughed at her (loud).（2）She said to her little brother (quiet).（3）Her mother got out from the room (angry).（4）“Thank you!” said the lion (happy).（5）The mouse walk past the room (careful).（6）Sam was (angry) and he hit the ball (hard).（7）He opened the present (slow).（8）Tim got hurt and he cr
37、ied (sad) on the floor.（9）Jack is running (fast) in the playground.（10）The man was tired, he walked (slow) on the pavement.（11）He is very (hungry) and can not run (fast).（12）The children are talking about their hobbies (excited).（13）Please look at the blackboard (careful).（14）Be (careful)! There is
38、a car running to you (quick).（15）The woman is shouting at her son (loud).（16）Listen! The birds are singing songs (happy).（17）Lily is a (quiet) girl, she is reading (quiet).（18）Listen (care)! The teacher is looking at you.（19）The hole is too (deep) , Sam can not reach it.（20）He brings some water (qui
39、ck) and pours it into the hole.（21）I can play table tennis very (good).（22）She is a (good) swimmer and she can swim (good).（23）You should study (hard) in the school.（24）My grandmother told us a (sad) story, all of us are (sad).（25）“ Please dont eat me!” said the mouse (quiet).（26）All of the students
40、 cheered for them (loud).（27）I usually get up (early) in the morning.（28）“Dont go to school (late)!” said her mother (loud).（29）She finishes her homework (easy).（30）Shes (luck). Her kite flies (high) in the sky.六、介 词介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。按构成分为简单介词（in、on、at等）、合成介词（into、within等）
