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1、Bluetooth Technology used in Mobile BankingAbstractMobile banking (M-Banking) has been welcomed in most of the countries as a new branch in electronicbanking (E-Banking). In developing countries such as Iran mobile banking is limited to fields such as SMS due to lack of infrastructure and because of
2、 high costs. In this paper we present a method for developing banking services through mobile phone in the bank area. In our method a server which is capable to be connected through bluetooth is installed inthe bank and offered banking services. Customers inside the bank and also around the bank are
3、 connected to the bank system through bluetooth technology and handle their banking operations through their mobile phones. This way they wont pay any additional cost and for example they can handle operations while they are inside their car parked near the bank. Moreover they can handle some of the
4、ir other banking operations through their mobile phones while they are dealing with other activities inside the bank. This way they can use their time in an optimal way and the banks can alsoavoid the rush hours. Since our method using bluetooth, most of mobile phones can use this system.Keywords: M
5、obile Banking (M-Banking), Wireless Communication, Bluetooth Technology.1. IntroductionAfter Internet entered into our daily life, most of dimensions of our lives such as education,communication, business, etc, were overshadowed by this novel phenomenon. One of these dimensions is to handle banking
6、affairs through the Internet (Figure 1).By using the Internet we dont have to go to the bank and it is possible for us to handle our banking operations anywhere and anytime. Furthermore there are not such difficulties as busy and crowded banks. Therefore the customers can save their time. On the oth
7、er hand the customers expenses are decreased. In this system we dont have to be faced the problem of banks being closed at non-working hours and we can handle banking affairs all the time. Therefore it saves the customerstime and money.On the other hand in recent years mobile phones have been develo
8、ped and widely used. After the mobile phones have got so developed and sophisticated and have been modified to be capable of new services the banks took into consideration the presentation of banking services through mobile phones. To mention the reasons of superiority of m-banking (Mobile-Banking)
9、over e-banking (Electronic-Banking) we can point to the following items 2, 3:1- No place restriction: In M-banking we can handle our banking transactions wherever we are and whenever we want.2- High penetration coefficient: High coefficient of mobile-phone use in the world guaranteesprobability of g
10、rowth and success for mobile banking services.3- Fully personalized: Mobile phones are completely private and are used only by its owner. Therefore it increases authenticity of identification of the people who use the banking services. 4- Availability: Most people carry their mobile phones with them
11、 wherever they go whether indoors or outdoors. As a result it is possible to offer banking services to customers all the time. Of course mobile banking has some disadvantages; too. Among most important items of these disadvantages we can point to lack of proper keyboard for most mobile phones, small
12、 display and uncertainty of users about security system of mobile banking. But as a whole mobile banking has been welcomed due to increase of customers welfare and decrease of costs of banking services.Mobile banking is divided into mobile forwarding services and mobile banking services. Mobile bank
13、ing services which are the same as normal banking services are divided into four types:1- Notifications and Alerts: These services are presented for advising the customers of the transactions done or to be done concerning his account.2- Information: The special pieces of information concerning trans
14、actions and the amount of money available in customers account are sent at certain intervals.3- Applications: In this type of services an application is sent to the server concerning the account or special transaction.4- Transfer: Through this service banks can transfer amount of money between custo
15、mers accounts or pay an amount to a third party.To implement mobile banking we require an infrastructure server such as WAP (Wireless Application Protocol), i-mode, Palm.Net, etc. For exchange of information with the customer we can use services such as SMS (Short Messaging Service) or MMS (Multi Me
16、ssaging Service) . But in some developing countries such as Iran services like WAP have not been welcomed due to high costs. Suchdifficulties and such other problems as low-speed Internet through mobile phone and continuous disconnection through Mobile phone have caused mobile banking to be limited
17、to such services as banking through SMS in these countries. Bluetooth technology can be briefly defined as a standard of short-wave radio frequency for wireless connection of such devices as Pocket PCs, mobile phones, and desktop computers. This technology works with 2.45 Giga Hertz frequency (Figur
18、e 2) and covers a scope up to 100-meter distance with the maximum transfer speed of 3 Mbits per second (in Bluetooth 2 standard). Bluetooth can be connected to 8 appliances at the same time . Primarily designed as a cable replacement technology, Bluetooth has become increasingly popular in modern mo
19、bile phones with an estimated 24 million Bluetoothenabled in use in 2002 .Currently, with mobile phones its main use is for the connection of hands-free devices (Figure 3) and for synchronizing with desktop computers. However, with enabled devices now deployed on a wide scale, the potential for low
20、cost multi-user personal area networkspresents itself . In this paper a method is proposed for expansion and development of banking services through mobile phones inside banks and in the bank area. Main goal in this method is to offer banking services in bank area through mobile phone without paying
21、 for any costs in order to decrease the rush hours and amount of banking operations done by the bank clerks. In this method bank customers can be connected to server installed inside the bank through Bluetooth technology and to handle their banking affairs through their mobile phones. This server wi
22、ll be capable to offer banking services through bluetooth technology. Details of this project will be dealt with in the next section.In third section we will point to some advantages of this method. In final section we will make the final conclusion.2. The suggested ideaBluetooth is a technology ena
23、bling users to create Wireless Personal. Area Networks (WPANs); allowing a range of devices to communicate in a local area without wires. Operating in the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band at 2.45GHz. The main advantages of Bluetooth are its low power and cost, and its ability to give hi
24、gh connection reliability in a crowded area of the spectrum. Bluetooth devices are currently available in three power bands and have a maximum range from 10m to 100m. To minimize any interference, Bluetooth devices use 79 channels within the ISM band, occupying 1 MHz each. Frequency hopping is used,
25、 with a nominal rate of 1600 hops per second. Bluetooth supports up to 3 synchronous voice channels at 64kb/s each way and asynchronous data at up to 723.2 kb/s asymmetric or 433.9 kb/s symmetric . Most important advantages of this technology are its wireless characteristic, low costs and its being
26、automatic. In our suggested method a computer is installed as aserver inside the bank. This service can offer m-banking services and is equipped with bluetooth. By help of this technology the server can be connected with other devices equipped with bluetooth lying in 100-meter scope. Since bluetooth
27、 radio waves can pass through the walls too, the server can be connected to other devices equipped with the bluetooth outside the bank and render the banking services. Customers whose mobile phones support Bluetooth technology can be connected to the server through bluetooth inside and outside the b
28、ank and in the area which is under the cover of the server if they have already subscribed for using m-banking services and have a user account. After entering into the bank system through their user accounts the customers can handle their banking affairs through mobile phones in the same way as the
29、y do the normal services of m-banking. Due to low-speed internet and high-cost of internet for mobile phones in such developing countries as Iran, using this service is almost fast and does not incur any cost. Of course we must point out that applications of these two services (mobile banking and pr
30、esentation of banking services through mobile in bank area) are different and it is not advisable to compare and contrast these two services.3. AdvantagesSome important features of our method are as follow: 1. We can handle our banking operations while we are sitting in our car through mobile phone
31、without having to go into the bank. 2. We can do our other banking operations through this service while we are waiting for our turn before a counter.3. Due to using bluetooth technology, it is possible to offer m-banking services to several people (in accordance with the number of servers) through
32、mobile phone. 4. Today mobile phones are widely used by people all the time and most of mobile phones are equipped with bluetooth technology. As a result this service can cover a wide range of bank customers. 5. Not only mobile phones but also other wireless devices such as Pocket PCs, PDAs, and lap
33、tops are also capable to use this service by help of bluetooth technology. 6. Security of this service is higher than internet systems due to application of Bluetooth. Bluetooth scope is only 100 meters, so it is safer than SMS or other services. Of course as we mentioned earlier it is not advisable
34、 to contrast and compare these systems with a usual m-banking system because these two systems are different in terms of their applications. 7. Using this service does not bring about any costs. Moreover it does not require sophisticated devices and can be used by help of simple mobile phones, equip
35、ped with bluetooth, being available in the market. 8. We can do some banking activities through Automatic Teller Machines (ATM) by help of this service. Therefore the banks will avoid long lines at their ATMs. 9. Even when the banks are closed we can use this service to handle some banking affairs.4
36、. ConclusionThis paper presents a method for offering banking services through mobile phones in the bank area by help of bluetooth technology in order to decrease visits to the interior of the banks and to avoid the rush hours inside the banks. Due to low speed internet and high rate of internet for
37、 mobile phones in developing countries such as Iran, using this service will have an approximately high speed and will not incur any costs. Due to widespread growth of mobile phones this system can cover a wide range of users. This system not only decreases visits to interior of the banks but also c
38、an decrease some visits to ATMs (Automatic Teller Machine) for handling such affairs as inspection and checking of our account balance and alleviate problems of these appliances. Right now other wireless standards are being developed which are far quicker than bluetooth and can cover a larger area.
39、A sample of these technologies is Wi-Fi wireless standard which have been implemented even on mobile phones recently. Wi-Fi is a limited-range wireless networking protocol based on the 802.11 family of standards; uses spectrum in the 2.4 GHz range to exchange data at broadband speeds. Therefore we c
40、an enhance the advantages of these systems through replacing bluetooth with these standards. We can use this service not only in banks but in other places such as shops and restaurants. The similar method can be used for taking exams and quizzes using mobile phones through Bluetooth.蓝牙技术应用于手机银行摘要手机银
41、行，作为电子银行的一个新分支，在大多数国家广受欢迎。在发展中国家，例如伊朗，由于成本过高，缺乏基础设施建设，手机银行仅限于电信运营商提供的短信服务的领域。本文研究旨在通过手机银行在银行领域发展银行服务业务。我们使用的方法是通过在银行当中安装可以以蓝牙相连接的服务器用以提供银行服务。在银行周围或是其中的客户通过蓝牙技术和银行相连接，通过移动电话银行处理所需要解决的银行业务。这样，他们将不用支付任何额外费用。例如将车停在银行附近的停车场里处理相关的银行业务。此外，在银行内部处理业务的同时也可以通过他们的移动电话处理一些其他银行业务。而他们与一些银行的其他活动的内部处理。这样他们就能以最佳方式使用他
42、们的时间。而银行也可以避免高峰期。而我们所使用的是大多数手机都可以适用的蓝牙技术。关键词：手机银行，无线通信，蓝牙技术。1介绍当互联网进入我们的日常生活中，教育，通讯，商业，生活等多方面都被其所覆盖。而其影响之一便是可以通过互联网来处理银行相关业务。通过使用互联网，我们不必去银行便能够随时随地处理银行业务。客户们再也不需要面对忙碌拥挤的银行柜面。客户在节省宝贵时间的同时也节约了业务费用。在这个系统中，我们可以随时随地的处理银行业务而不必限制在八小时的工作时间。因此，节省了客户的时间和金钱。另一方面，近年来手机已经得到广泛的发展与应用。经过对手机进行先进的开发与利用，银行已经考虑通过先进的手机技
43、术来为银行来提出更多的服务。手机银行在电子银行业务当中具有以下几大优势：（1）没有地域限制。通过手机银行，我们可以在任何时候处理交易。（2）高使用率：移动电话的高使用率使得手机银行的推广成为可能（3）完全私有化：移动电话的支配完全完全取决于它的使用者。因此大大提高了手机银行的安全性。（4）可用性：无论身在何处，大多数人会随身携带他们的移动电话。因此银行可以在任何时间为客户提供银行服务。当然，手机银行也有不可回避的缺点。而在这些缺当中，最为重要的便是缺乏适当大小的键盘，显示屏过小以及移动银行系统用户安全的不确定性。但是由于手机银行为用户带来了方便，为银行降低了成本，所以手机银行依然被大家所欢迎。
44、手机银行业务可以分为售前服务和售后服务两部分，相似于传统的柜台业务，手机银行业务可以分为以下四部分：（1）账户通知与提醒：这项服务主要针对用户账户业务的提醒，（2）余额查询：定时发送用户账户相关的交易信息和资金量。（3）应用：当有与账户有关的特殊交易时，在这种服务类型的应用程序向服务器发送有关帐户或特殊交易。（4）转移：通过这项服务，用户可以在账户之间进行资金转账或者进行第三方支付。当然，为了实现手机银行，我们需要一个如WAP（无线应用协议）和服wu器等基础设施。我们可以使用诸如SMS（短消息服务）或MMS（多信息服务）服务与客户进行信息交流。但是在一些发展中国家，例如伊朗的手机银行服务，WA
45、P因其较高的成本并没有受到欢迎。组如此类的困难包括其他的一些网速慢，手机持续很长时间不能联网等问题都大大的影响到了手机银行业务在发展中国家的使用效果。蓝牙技术可以被简单的定义为短波无线电频率，从而作为掌上电脑，手机，和台式电脑等设备的无线连接标准。这种技术与2.45千兆赫兹的频率的涵盖范围可达100米的距离和每秒3兆位的最大传输速度。蓝牙可以在同一时间连接8个设备。蓝牙作为电线的替代技术而设计，现今已成功普及在移动电话功能当中，估计2002年在使用蓝牙有约2400万。目前，移动电话的主要用途是用于免提装置连接以及与台式电脑同步。然而，现在启用的大规模部署设备，使得潜在低成本多用户个人区域网络可
46、以更好的发展。本文的研究旨在通过银行领域内的移动手机银行来进一步扩大和发展银行业务。通过这种方法，银行可以不花任何成本为用户办理业务，分散了高峰期银行职员所要负担的高业务量。在此方法银行客户可以通过蓝牙技术与银行内部服务器相连接，并通过他们的移动电话处理银行事务。此服务器能够通过蓝牙技术提供银行服务。该部分的详情，将在后面的内容中加以解释。在第三部分中，我们将指向该方法的一些优点。在最后一节，我们将作出最后的结论。2建议蓝牙是一种使用户能够创建无线个人区域网络（WPAN）的技术，在此范围内的设备可以跳过电线通信局域网。在工业中，科学和医疗（ISM）在2.45GHz频段。蓝牙技术的主要优点是它的
47、低功耗和成本，并有能力在拥挤的区域给予高频谱连接从而确保连接的可靠性。蓝牙设备目前在三个频带的可用功率和最大射程有10米到100米。为了尽量减少干扰，蓝牙设备的使用在ISM频段79个频道，每个占地1兆赫。使用跳频名义汇率为1600HZ每秒。在蓝牙支持高达64KB的同步语音通道3 / s的速度高达723.2 kb / s或433.9 kb / s。这项技术的最重要的优势是它的无线特性，低成本和全自动性。我们建议的方法是在银行内安装一台计算机作为服务器。这项服务可以提供电子银行服务，并配有蓝牙。通过这个服务器，可以与100米范围内的蓝牙其他设备连接。由于蓝牙无线电波可以穿过墙壁通，所以服务器也同样
48、可以连接到银行以外的其他设备和蓝牙技术对其提供银行服务。只要客户拥有有效账户，同时他的手机支持蓝牙技术就可以通过蓝牙连接到服务器的内部和银行外部覆盖中的地区来进行业务办理。通过在银行所开设的账户进入银行系统之后，银行客户就可以进行与传统银行业务相同的操作。由于低速互联网和高成本的手机互联网限制，在伊朗这样的发展中国家，使用这项服务非常快，而且不产生任何费用。当然，我们必须指出，这两个服务的应用（移动银行服务的银行和通过移动银行方面介绍）是不同的，所以针对它们比较和对比这两项服务是不可取的。3优势本文研究的方法所具有优势如下：（1）我们无需进入银行，甚至在自己的车里便可以办理银行相关业务。（2）
49、我们在等待柜台服务的同时可以通过手机银行办理其他业务。（3）由于使用蓝牙技术，我们可以通过移动电话同时对数人提供电子银行服务（与服务器的数量为准）。（4）目前手机被人们广泛应用，而且多数手机都配备有蓝牙技术，所以手机银行业务可以被大范围推广。（5）不仅是手机，还有其他诸如掌上电脑，PDA和笔记本电脑的无线设备也能够在蓝牙技术的帮助使用这项服务。（6）由于蓝牙技术的加入这项服务的安全性高于因特网系统。蓝牙的范围只有100米，所以它比SMS或其他服务更安全。当然，正如我们前面提到的，因为这两个系统的差异性所以不宜进行对比。（7）使用这项服务不会带来任何费用。此外，它不需要复杂的设备，我们可以通过这项服务的帮助或者通过自动取款机（ATM）办理一些银行业务。因此，银行将避免在他们的自动提款机大排长龙。（8）即使银行被关闭，我们也可以使用这个服务来处理一些银行事务。4结论本文提出了利用蓝牙技术提供帮助的银行服务，通过在银行领域的移动电话，以减少对银行的内部访问，并避免在银行的上班时间的方法
