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1、托福独立写作素材整理工作类Peopleworkbecausetheyneedmoneytolive.Whataresomeotherreasonsthatpeoplework?Discussoneormoreofthesereasons.Usespecificexamplesanddetailstosupportyouranswer.人们工作的目的是人们需要金钱而生存。人们工作的其他诸原因是什么？1工作带给人满足感段落大意：独立，满足感是很多人工作的动因。Independenceissometimesthemostimportantfactorasnoonewantstobegiveninst
2、ructionsallthetime.Thisisusuallytrueforschoolleavers,whowishtobeindependent,tohaveafamily,toownaplaceoftheirownandtheopportunitytousetheskillstheylearntinaprofitableventure.Aswellasthis,laterinacareer,peoplewouldwantmorecontrolinthefirmsactivities,whichisusuallygiventhroughpromotionsandinsomecompani
3、estheissuingofsharestothem.2金钱是工作的直接动因段落大意：金钱是工作的直接动力，但并非对所有人都如此。一般来说对于刚参加工作的年轻人来说，金钱是最重要的动力。Iwilltalkabouttheabilitytoearnanincome,whichmanyconsidertobethemostimportantreasonwhypeoplework.Inmyquestionnaire,itwasfoundthatmostpeoplewhoareyoungincareerswouldpreferahigherwagethanothermotivators.Thisfit
4、sinwithMaslowstheoryofneeds.Maslowtheorizedthatapersonneedstheirbasicneedssuchasmoney,sleepandshelter.3工作中的福利是刺激因素段落大意：工作中对于职员的福利，例如折扣等也是人们工作的动因。Fringebenefitsmayrangefromvouchersforuseinshops,staffdiscountsorotherindirectrewards.Oftenzpeoplepreferthesebenefitsastheyaresometimesmorevaluablethananequ
5、ivalentincome,inthecaseofapilotsfreeordiscounttravelallowances.Awell-plannedbenefitschemecanoftenattractnewworkers.4工作会带给个人强大动力段落大意：个人对工作的喜爱程度也是人们工作的原因。NextzIwilltalkaboutpersonalmotivation.Quitesimplythismeansthatapersonmayhaveapersonalmotivefordoingthejobzsuchasapreferenceforthatkindofworkzorinthe
6、caseofcharitywork,thedesiretohelpthoselessfortunatethanus.Peoplewhoarepersonallymotivatedaremorelikelytoworkharderandmoreeffectively.Theymayalsobepreparedtoworkforaslightlylowerwage.Anypersonwhoviewsacertainkindofjobpassionatelyislogicallygoingtoapplyforanyjobofthatcategory.5退休后福利保障是工作的重要因素段落大意：政府福利
7、对于很多人来说无法保障老年生活，因此公司给与的退休保障也是人们工作动力。Finally,Iwishtotalkaboutthepossibilitythatpeoplewishtohavefundsfortheirretirement.Moreandmorepeoplearethinkingaboutaretirementplanwhentheylookforwork.Inmyquestionnaireaspeoplegetoldertheyaremoreconcernedwithapensionscheme.Thepensionsthatthegovernmentgivesarenotonl
8、ylow,butareusuallyalsonon-indexlinkedandgivelessmoneywheninflationoccurs,comparedtoindexlinkedpensions.Asaresultofthisoccurrencemanypeoplelookforahealthypensionschemewhentheyjoinacompany.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Themostimportantaspectofajobisthemoneyapersonearns.Usespecificreaso
9、nsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.工作的最重要的方面是一个人赚的金钱，同意与否？Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Onlypeoplewhoearnalotofmoneyaresuccessful.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.只有当赚了很多钱才是成功。同意与否？1成功有很多种表现形式段落大意：成功并不是只有靠金钱来衡量，社会地位，幸福感也是成功的表现。Successiswithinthemindoftheindividual.Alarg
10、eportionofoneslifeisspentworkingtobecomesuccessful.Peoplearetoldthroughoutchildhoodtoworkhardsotheycangrowupandmakemuchmoney.Butsuccesstakesmanydifferentforms.Differentpeoplehavedifferentinterpretationsofwhatsuccessmeanstothem.Forsomezsuccessismeasuredbysocialstatusandwealth;forotherssuccessisdeterm
11、inedonlybytheamountofhappinessonefeels.2金钱确实是成功的表现形式段落大意：金钱对于很多人来说，确实是成功的体现。体现在他们可以买喜欢的房子，车，衣服，可以作很多事情。Moneyisthemainconcernforsomepeople.Itisacrucialnecessityforanyonewhoistryingtosucceedinlife.Manybelievethattheonlywaytosucceedistohavealotofmoney.Forthistypeofperson,achievingsuccessstartswithgoing
12、toagoodcollege.Collegeissaidtopreparepeopletotakeontheworld.Onceonehasgraduatedandhasawellpayingjobheisonhiswaytobecomingsuccessful.Peopleworktheirwholelivesmakingmoneysotheycansatisfytheirdesires.Peoplewanttoownnicehomes,nicecars,andniceclothes.Ifyouwereanemployer,whichkindofworkerwouldyouprefertoh
13、ire:aninexperiencedworkeratalowersalaryoranexperiencedworkeratahighersalary?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.如果你是一个雇主，你愿意雇佣哪种类型的员工？低薪无经验的还是有高薪经验的？1经验是专业工作者的必备条件段落大意：经验是得到专业工作最重要的评价标准之一，也是成为专业工作者的必要条件。Experienceisthemostimportantcriteriaforgettingaprofessionaljob.Experiencemakesthepers
14、onperfect.Andperfectonescanonlyworkeffectivelyandefficientlybythetimetheyjointheorganization.Evenfortheexperiencedperson,ittakessometimetounderstandthewaytheorganizationworksandthemanagementoverthere.Sozfortheinexperiencedperson,ittakesalmostmonthstoyearstoknowtheworkingatmosphereoftheorganizationde
15、pendinguponthetypeofwork.Theexpertwhomakesthejoblookeasyhasexperienceandabilitiestheaveragepersonlacks.2经验在求职过程中的重要性段落大意：雇主非常看重一个人的工作经验，这是最快适应新工作的保证。AsEbenezerScroogediscovered,experience,ortheactiveparticipationineventsoractivitiesleadingtotheaccumulationofknowledgeorskill,istheultimateteacher.Them
16、ajorityofmistakesaremadeearlyonwhenpracticinganewskill.Thecommonperceptioniszthosewithexperiencehavealreadymadethemajorityoftheirmistakes.Employersalsovalueexperiencebecauseofthecostsassociatedwithtrainingandtheproductivitylevelsofexperiencedemployeesversusthosewithnoexperience.Experienceisusedasage
17、neralindicatorofonesability.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Mostexperiencesinourlivesthatseemeddifficultatthetimebecomevaluablelessonsforthefuture.Usereasonsandspecificexamplestosupportouranswer.生活中一度的痛苦终将成为将来的财富。同意与否？1失败是成功之母段落大意：很多人从他们失败的教训中学习经验，并且不断奋进，最后成功。Thereisacommonmisconceptio
18、nthatfailureisabadthing.ManypeoplewhofailatsomethingareoftencalledIoserszbutifthosepeoplelearnfromtheirlosses,theyareactuallywinners.Failureteachespeoplethattheyarejustlikeeverybodyelse,andthatsuccessisgainedfromhardworkanddetermination.Whenpeoplefailatsomethingimportantintheirlivesanddecidetotryaga
19、in,theytendtoregaintheirconfidenceandpersistwithgreatresilience.Manyofthebestlessonspeoplelearninlifecomefromthemistakestheyhavemadeandtheknowledgetheygainedfromtheirmistakes.TheexpressionNever,nevergiveupmeanstokeeptryingandneverstopworkingforyourgoals.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?Usespeci
20、ficreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.永远不要放弃意味着坚持不懈，朝着目标不要停止努力。同意与否？1丘吉尔对英国人民的激励段落大意：丘吉尔对英国人民的激励，使得他们最终度过二战时期最艰苦的时光。NearlyintheendoftheSecondWorldWar,Churchilldeliveredhisfamousandtheshortestspeech:Never,NeverGiveUp.Britishaswellaspeopleinmanyothercountriesweretremendouslyencouraged,andfinallycam
21、ethroughthehardestperiodinhumanhistory.2坚持是坚韧的态度段落大意：永不放弃是坚韧态度的一种体现。很多人缺少信心，即使他们能做得很好，也因为没有坚持，最终失败。Tonevergiveupzrepresentsastrongandpositiveattitudeofthelife.Somepeoplearereadilytoquitwhentheyfeeltheycannotendurethedifficultiesofsomeworkortheythinktheycannotfindawaytofinishtherequiredtask.Suchpeopl
22、eusuallybecomeupsetanddisappointedoffailureandlosetheirself-confidence,althoughtheyvirtuallycandoeverythingwell.3坚持会给人带来机会段落大意：坚持会给人带来绝处逢生的机会，很多人因此成功。Nevergiveup.Suchstrongbeliefoftengivesusthesecondchance.Thefactthatwefailedsomewheredoesnotmeanwearegoingtofaileverywhere,andespeciallyitdoesnotnecess
23、arilymeanthatwearedeprivedofopportunitiestowinthere.Manysuccessfulpeopledidfailbefore.Inyouropinion,whatisthemostimportantcharacteristic(forexample,honesty,intelligence,asenseofhumor)thatapersoncanhavetobesuccessfulinlife?Usespecificreasonsandexamplesfromyourexperiencetoexplainyouranswer.Whenyouwrit
24、eyouranswer,youarenotlimitedtotheexampleslistedinthequestion一个人在生活中成功的最重要的性格是什么？1评判性性格的重要性段落大意：认真思考能让人们深入理解问题，集中在目标之上，做出正确决定。Thinkingcriticallycanmakeoneanalyzeproblemsinsightfully.Weliveinaworldwherecontroversialissuesareoftensimplytakenforgranted.Criticalthinkingisbuttoasksomesimpleyetessentialque
25、stions,whichalwaysbringsamazingoutcomes.Thinkingcriticallycanhelponeconcentrateonrighttargets.Concentratingonrighttargetsisprobablytheonlywaytoovercomesuchdilemmas.Onlybythinkingcriticallycanonemakedecisionswiseandprudent.Sounddecisionmakingisessentialtosuccess.Byanalyzinginsightfullyandconcentratin
26、gontherighttargets,wisedecisionsarenothardtoreachatall.2效率是成功的表现段落大意：一个人有工作效率，不仅意味着做工作，而且意味着做好工作。效率能带给人们更快，更好，更省钱的效果。Whatqualifiesapersontobecategorizedasahardworker?He/Shewouldhavetobewillingtodotheworkzandnotonlydoitzbutdoitright.Efficiency,thingssuchasshowingupontimezandgettingthejobdoneinadecent
27、amountoftimezisextremelyvitalforaperson.Beingefficientisthebasicfactorofallhardworkers.Efficiencyisnotonlybetterandfasterbutitisalsocheaper3团队精神是成功的保障段落大意：团队合作能够更快达到目标，更加有效率的工作，更加有效解决问题。Teamworkisagroup/teamofpeopleworkingtowardsacommongoalortarget.BillGatesdescribesteamworkas,Agroupwithacommongoa.T
28、hemainadvantagesofateamworkingcorrectlyareasfollows:beingabletoreachthegoalquicker;becomingmoreefficient,thisisbecausepeoplehavedifferentstrengthsandsopeoplecanworkproblemsoutquicker.Whatisaveryimportantskillapersonshouldlearninordertobesuccessfulintheworldtoday?Chooseoneskillandusespecificreasonsan
29、dexamplestosupportyourchoice.当今世界要成功，一个人必须具备的重要技能是什么？1有知识有技术懂得合作段落大意：有知识和技术并且懂得合作是成功的关键。有效的团队管理本领也起着很重要的作用。Itisimportantthatmembersofagroupbeknowledgeableandskillfulintheirpositions,thedegreetowhichthosememberscanworkharmoniouslyandcooperativelytogetherisequallyimportantandwillformintoahighperforman
30、ceteam.Althoughitisamongthemostimportantfactors,however,itmustbecoupledwithagoodworkingrelationshipandgoodcollaborationwitheveryteammember.Effectiveteammanagementplaysahighroleinbuildinghighperformanceteams.Itshouldalwaysbeaquestionastowhatmanagementcandotoactivelypromotesuccessfulworkteams.2培养交流技能的
31、重要性段落大意：增强交流技能，练习良好的逻辑思维能力，锻炼领导才能。Communicationskillsareofgreatimportance.Employerswantemployeeswithstrongwriting,publicspeaking,listening,presentation,conflictresolution,interpersonalskillsandwell-developedlogicandreasoningskills.Otherrelatedcompetenciesincludedgoodjudgmentanddecision-makingskills;
32、technicalexpertise,exposuretohigh-techzindependentgoalsetting;andtimemanagementskills.Thelastisleadershipskills.3劝服他人的能力段落大意：劝服他人在人的一生中是很重要的能力。Byconvincingorpersuadingwegetwhatwewantfromothers.Whenwewerechildren,wealwaysmanagedtopersuadeourparentstobuyussugarcandies;whenwewereinthehighschool,wehadto
33、persuadeourclassmatestoplaywithus;whenweappliedforajobaftergraduation,wehadbetterbeabletosuccessfullyconvincetheemployerthatwearequalifiedemployees.Besides,somedayzwewillallhavetoconvinceapersonwhomwelovethatweareindeedoutstandinghusbandsorexcellentwives.Peopledomanydifferentthingstostayhealthy.What
34、doyoudoforgoodhealth?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.人们为了健康做很多不同的事，你做什么？1日常锻炼的增加有益健康段落大意：日常的锻炼防止了很多疾病，例如高血压，心脏病等危险疾病的发生。Dailyphysicalactivitycanhelppreventheartdiseaseandstrokebystrengtheningyourheartmusclezloweringyourbloodpressure,raisingyourhigh-densitylipoprotein(HDL)levels(good
35、cholesterol)andloweringlow-densitylipoprotein(LDL)levels(badcholesterol),improvingbloodflowzandincreasingyourheartsworkingcapacity.OptimizingeachofthesefactorscanprovideadditionalbenefitsofdecreasingtheriskforPeripheralVascularDisease.Regularphysicalactivitycanreducebloodpressureinthosewithhighblood
36、pressurelevels.Physicalactivityreducesbodyfatzwhichisassociatedwithhighbloodpressure.Byreducingbodyfatzphysicalactivitycanhelptopreventandcontrolthistypeofdiabetes.2素食的推崇有益健康段落大意：素食为人们健康做出很多贡献；例如降低危险疾病发生率,预防癌症等。Maintainingawell-balancedvegetariandietishealthyandcanbebeneficialbyreducingtheriskofheal
37、thdiseases,particularlycardiovasculardiseasesandobesity.Practicingvegetarianismisnomoredifficultorcomplicatedthanfollowingaregularmeat-inclusivediet;eatingavarietyofsoyznutzorwheatbasedproductscansubstituteforcertainmeatdishesanddairyproductsandprovidetheneedednutrientsthatthosenormallyprovides.Vege
38、tarianismisahealthychoice;followingameat-restrictingdietcanlowercholesterolandfatintake,thusreducingthechancesofdevelopingheartdiseasesandobesity.Somepeopleprefertoplanactivitiesfortheirfreetimeverycarefully.Otherschoosenottomakeanyplansatallfortheirfreetime.Comparethebenefitsofplanningfree-timeacti
39、vitieswiththebenefitsofnotmakingplans.Whichdoyouprefer-planningornotplanningforyourleisuretime?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestoexplainyourchoice.业余时间是仔细计划好，还是不做计划好？1做计划的好处段落大意：做计划对于大学生的重要性Uponreturningtocollege,thematurestudentsoonrealizesthattheirabilitytomanagetimeeffectivelydirectlyimpactstheirlea
40、rningexperienceandtheirfamilylife.Enoughtimeneedstobespentonthesemajorfacetsoflife.Toomuchtimespentinoneareausuallymeanstoolittletimespentinanother,whichusuallyleadstostress.Timemanagementprofessionalssaythatstressisusuallytheresultofpoortimemanagement.Effectivetimemanagementhastobethefoundationofan
41、ysuccessfulandproductivelife.2规划时间影响学生的生活段落大意：学生们的主要任务是学习，因此规划时间的第一要务是把最宝贵的时间留给学习，其次是工作Thewayapersonmanagestimeaffectstheefficiencyoftheirlife.Therearemanywaysthatwillhelpintimemanagement.Collegestudentsforexamplehavemanyresponsibilities.Studentsmusthavetimetogotoclassandshowthebestoftheirabilitiest
42、ofinishallworkthatneededtobedone.Somestudentsmayhavetofitworkintotheirdailyschedule.3规划时间的重要性段落大意：规划时间的能力是决定自己是否优秀的重要条件，是个人成功的必要条件。Timemanagementisaboutworkingactivelytocreateefficiencyandeffectivenessinawaythatmakesachievingyourtargetmorelikely.Effectivetimemanagementisacoreskill.4不规划时间的弊端段落大意：好的时间
43、规划是成功的保障，不好的规划会造成时间资源浪费，给人们带来压力。Timezifproperlymanaged,increasesproductivityandbringsaboutopportunitiesforgrowth;ontheflipside,iftimeisnothandledproperly,itwillbringaboutdisadvantagestoboththephysiologicalandpsychologicalself.Timeisauniqueresourceaswecannotrentzhire,buyorotherwiseobtainmoretimeasonc
44、egone;itwillnevercomeback.Oneofthemostcommonafflictionsofstressisduetoineffectivetimemanagement.Somepeoplebelievethatsuccessinlifecomesfromtakingrisksorchances.Othersbelievethatsuccessresultsfromcarefulplanning.Inyouropinion,whatdoessuccesscomefrom?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.有人
45、认为生活的成功来自冒险或机遇。有些人认为来自精密的计划。成功来自何处？1成功来自于机遇和运气段落大意：机遇和运气不是偶然的，经过刻苦努力，机遇和运气可以成为成功的保证因素。Tosomepeople,successisbasedonIuckrarandomwhimoffatezachancerollofthedice.Butnothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Success,toagreatextent,canbeinfluencedbyIuckzbutthisisnottosaythatluckisanaccident.Luckispredictable.Wit
46、hhardwork,itcanbecontrolled.ByconcentratingonseveralnIuckfactorskeyareasofyourlifethatinfluenceyourfuturesuccess-youcantakethereignsofchanceandfeelyourselfracingforwardatagreaterratethanyouhaveeverimagined.Youwillgetmoredone,earnmorerewards,recognition,andesteemzhavemoredoorsopenedforyou,andexperien
47、cemoreofthethingsthateverybodyreferstoasluck.2计划是成功的一种表现形式段落大意:成功人士的分类包括很多种,例如刻苦努力的,沉迷工作的，具有天分的，和精密计划并为之奋斗的。Thereasonswhypeoplesucceedintheircareersareprobablyasnumerousasthenumberofsuccessfulpeople.Whenwebegintothinkaboutthequalitiesthesepeoplepossess,itbecomesapparentthatwecanclassifyorcategorizet
48、hemintoafewspecificgroups:thosewhoreallyenjoytheirworkzthosewhoareobsessedwiththeirwork(theyeitherwanttobethe,best,;orhaveafearoffailure),thosewhoareblessedwithexceptionaltalentintheirfield,andthosewhohaveplannedtheirworkandworkedtheirplan.3计划的重要性段落大意：好的计划是成功的保证，公司企业想要成功，必须认真计划很多方面。Planningisakeyfac
49、torinthesuccessofanybusiness,andconversely,thefailuretoplanadequatelyisoneofthefastestroutestobusinessfailure.Therearemanyconsiderationsthatanentrepreneurmustdecidesuchas:typeofbusiness,legalstructure,permitsandlicenses,marketplanning,businessplan,location,organizationmanagementplanning,businesstelephoneIinezmissionstatement,andabusinesscheckingaccount.Therearemanysour
