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1、Grammar,The Attributive Clause,Key words:,定语从句：,修饰名词和代词的从句,This is the best film that I have seen.,定语从句,the best film,先行词,关系词,This is the best film that I have seen.,关系词,引导定语从句,关系词的作用,1,2,3,代替先行词,that 指代film,在定语从句中担任一个成分,that 在从句中充当seen的宾语,1.This is the factory that we visited last week.,the factory
2、,在定语从句中担任一个成分,作宾语,可省略,2.A plane is a machine thatwhich can fly.,a machine,作主语,3.Who is the man that is reading a book over there?,the man,作主语,4.The girl thatwhowhom we saw yesterday was Jims sister.,作宾语,可省略,5.Tom didnt do well in his study,which made his parents very disappointed.,which 指代整件事情,并充当定语
3、从句的主语,6.This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.,与其后面的名词一起作主语,whose 的含义与 ones 相同,7.This is a room whose window faces south.,“它的窗户”做定语从句的主语,who,whom,which,that,whose,1.This is all _ I know about the matter.A.that B.what C.who D.whether2.Is there anything else _ you require?A.whic
4、h B.that C.who D.what3.The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.where D.it,考点一:that 与which 的区别,先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词时，关系代词用,that,4.He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school.A.which B.that C.it D.who
5、m5.There is no dictionary _ you can find everything.A.that B.which C.where D.in that,6.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A.that B./C.which D.it,7.Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you?A.that B.which C.where D.it,先行词为人和物的组合,先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时,先行词被序数词(the first)或形容词最高级(the
6、 best)以及 the very,the only 等修饰时。,若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者 which，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用 who,which，而用 that。,1.先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词。,2.先行词被all,little,much,every,no等修饰时。,3.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰或先行词前the last,the very,the only 等时。,4.先行词为人和物的组合5.若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者 which，为了避免重复而用 that。,一
7、、只能用that的情况,记忆：,1.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.A.which B that C this D.it,二、只能用which的情况:1、逗号后面(非限制性定从)2、介词后面,2.This is the house in_ he once lived.A.whose B.that C.which D.this,考点二:介词+关系代词,注意：指物时介词which 指人时介词whom,Examples:1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our
8、 headmaster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.,with whom,in which,介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择.方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系,The man is from Beijing University.I talked about him at the meeting.The man(who/whom/that)I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.,Join t
9、hem into one sentence.,=The man about I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.,关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。,whom,考点三 Whose 用法及转换形式,1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。Thats the child whose father is a teacher.,Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?T
10、his is a book whose cover is green.,2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。,3.whose的先行词指物时,可用of which代替,但词序不同，即whose+名词=the+n+of which=of which+the+n.,He lives in the room whose window faces south.,=He lives in the room,faces south.,=He lives in the room,faces south.,the window of which,of which the window,
11、考点四：as与which引导的定语从句,两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。e.g.Such books as you tell me are interesting.I have the same plan as you(have).2.as 引导的从句可以放在句首,as 本身有“正如.正象”之意，与之连用的词有 know,see,expect,announce,point out 等。e.g.As we all know/is known to us,the earth is round.,1._ was n
12、atural,he married Jenny.A.Which B.That C.This D.As2.Such signs _ we use in the experiment _Greek letters.A.as,are B.as,is C.that,are D.that,is,4._ has been said above,grammar is a set of dead rules.A.Which B.What C.That D.As5.We do the same work _ they do.A.which B.as C.than D.like,Anyone _breaks th
13、e law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.One_ studies hard and works well is a person that we should learn from.,在anyone,those,one,ones,he/she/I/they作先行词时,用“who”而不是“that”.,考点五:that 与 who 的区别,who,who,who,who,考点六:定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。1.I a
14、m not one who _afraid of difficulty2.Don t choose me,who _not fit for this job3.The number of people who _(learn/learns)English in China is increasing rapidly.,is,am,learn,3.This is one of the best books _.A.that have ever been written B.that has ever been written C.that has written D.that have writ
15、ten4.She is the only one of the girls _ well in class.A.which sings B.who sing C.who sings D.who to sing,关系副词的用法,The time _ was a very difficult period of my life.,when I first met Nelson Mandela,误:which I first met Nelson Mandela,Mandela was the black lawyer_.,He was generous with his time,_.,to wh
16、om I went for advice.,误:who/whom I went for advice.,go to sb for advice,for which I was grateful.,误:which/that I was grateful.,be grateful for,The school_was three kilometres away.,where I studied for only two years,误:which I studied for only two years,This was a time_.,when one had got to have a pa
17、ssbook to live in Johannesburg.,误:which one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.,关系副词的用法,时间,时间状语,地点,地点状语,原因,原因状语,(=at/in/on/during which),(=in/at which),(=for which),Practice,1.I will never forget the day_ we were in the country.2.This is the park _you took photos last Sunday.3.That w
18、as the reason_he was late for school.,when,where,why,=on which,on the day,=in which,in the park,=for which,4.Do you know the girl _ just now?whom you talkedthat you talkedwith who you talkedyou talked with,D,5.There are many books in the library,_ are about science.A.30%in which B.of which 30%C.30%o
19、f them D.30%in them,of which 30%,比较下列句子,This is the factory_we visited yesterday.This is the factory_my father worked last year.,whichthat不填,where,=in which,I will never forget the day_I was born.I will never forget the day_ we spent together last year.,when,(whichthat),=on which,This is one of the
20、best factories _fasion clothes here.This is the only one of the best factories_ fasion clothes here.,A.Which makes B.that makesC.Which make D.that make,that make,that makes,Mr.Smith has some pictures,_are valuable.Mr.Smith has some pictures,and_are valuable.,A.all of which B.all of whom C.all of the
21、m D.all of that,all of which,all of them,_ is known to us,the earth is round._ is known to us that the earth is round.,A.which B.as C.it D.that,As,It,Do you know the way _ they will use to solve this problem?I dont know the way_ they will solve that problem.,that B.不填 C.in which D.A、B and C E.A and B,that/不填,宾语,that/不填/in which,做状语,
