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1、Grammar,sentences,start!,句子成份,句子一般由两个部分组成:,主语部分(subject group),谓语部分(predicate group),句子成份:,主,谓,宾,表,补,定,状,1)主语(subject),I like football.,The boy needs a pen.,句子的主体,全句述说的对象。一般由 担任,常置于句首。,2)谓语(predicate),说明主语的动作或状态。由 担任。常置于主语后。,The train leaves at 6 oclock.,I want a ticket.,动词不定式,动名词 或从句,名词,主格代词,动词,3)宾
2、语(object),4)表语(predicative),He won the game.,表示动作对象.由n.或相当于n.的词担任。,Tom lost his life in the big fire.,He is a student.She is beautiful.,用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。由n.或adj.担任。置于系动词之后。,除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,1)表感官的动词:2)表转变变化的动词:3)表延续的动词,feel smell taste sound look seem,become get,keep stay,5)宾补(objective comp
3、lement),补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。,They made him king.,I consider the book too expensive.,6)定语(attributive)对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用的表示,通常位于被修饰的成分前。,The black bike is mine.,(),说明1:当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing,anything,everything,something 等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语 我告诉他一些有趣的事情。I tell him something interesting.说
4、明2:不定式作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。我有很多事情要做。I have lots of things to do.,7)状语(adverbial),用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句,位置灵活。表示时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、方式、程度,I am very sorry.We read English every morning.,英语五种基本句型:,基本句型一:+(主谓)基本句型二:+(主系表)基本句型三:+O(主谓宾)基本句型四:+IO+O(主谓间宾 直宾)基本句型五:+O+(主谓宾宾补),基本句型 一+(主谓),此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完
5、整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,基本句型 二(主系表)共同的特点:谓语动词是连系动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。,基本句型 三+O(主谓宾)共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,基本句型 四(主谓间宾 直宾)共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词
6、往往被省略。,基本句型 五+O+(主谓宾宾补)共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意完整。,典型例题分析,.简单句,1.Things changed.2.Trees are green.3.We dont beat children.4.He gave his sister the piano.5.I found the book easy.,主+谓,主+谓+表,主+谓+宾,主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语,主+谓+宾+宾补,Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.
7、I will write you a long letter.I will let him go.,Practice,主+谓,主+谓+表,主+谓+宾,主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语,主+谓+宾+宾补,1.They work hard.主+谓2.The flower is dead.主+系+表3.Plants need water.主+谓+宾4.He gives me some seeds.主+谓+间宾+直宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主+谓+宾+宾补6.Many animals live in trees.主+谓,7.The cake tast
8、es delicious.主+系+表8.Classes begin at eight every day.主+谓9.Jim cannot dress himself.主+谓+宾10.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.主+谓+间宾+直宾,11.The sun keeps us warm.主+谓+宾+宾补12.The potatoes went bad.主+系+表13.They made Tom monitor.主+谓+宾+宾补14.I heard him singing.主+谓+宾+宾补,常用的关联词有:as,as if,as though,how,常用的关联词有:so,so that,as far as,so long as,8)方式状语从句,He did just as you told him.,9)程度状语从句,So long as you need me,Ill stay.,Grammar,sentences,END!,