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1、直接引语与间接引语Direct speech&Reported speech,直接引语：直接引述别人的原话.直接引语的前后必须加引号。,间接引语：转述别人的话。间接引语前后不加引号。,间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句,直接引语与间接引语的定义,妈妈说:”杰克是个好工人“.,Mother said:”Jack is a good worker.”,妈妈说杰克是个好工人。,Mother said that Jack was a good worker,直接引语：,间接引语,Direct speech:,Indirect speech:,一、如何变人称：口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三不变。,“一随主”是
2、指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogo shoppingwithme.”Shesaidherbrother wantedtogo shoppingwithher.,“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：,HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。,“
3、第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：,Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodboy.”Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodboy.,二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。1)一般现在时一般过去时态；She said:“I am a student.”She said(that)she was a student.2)一般将来时过去将来时 Shesaid,Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend
4、。Tom said,“I am going to play basketball tomorrow.”Tom said he was going to play basketball tomorrow.3)现在进行时过去进行时；She said,“I am reading a book.”She said she was reading a book.,注意：以下几种情况时态 不变直接引语是客观真理。Theteacher said Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaround thesunearth.,直接引语中有
5、具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.,直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jacksaid.“I was doing chores when Tom came to see me”,Jacksaid he was doing chores when Tom came to see him.,Jack saidhewasbornonApril21,1980.,直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning。”如
6、果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变（例：could,should,would,might）The doctor said,“You should stay in bed for 2 days.”The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.”和已经是过去时的形式时，例：oughtto，hadbetter,usedto Petersaid.Youhadbettercomeheretoday.,Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.,PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.,三、如何变
7、状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then,yesterday变为thedaybefore today变为 that day He said,”I want to go swimming now.”He said he wanted to go swimming then.地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，here 变 there The teacher said,“You should come here at 7:00.”The teacher said I should go there at 7:00.指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改
8、为“彼”例：this改为that Hesaid,Thisbooksismine.“Hesaidthatbook washis.,agobefore;this morningthat morningYesterdaythe day before;tomorrowthe next daynext weekthe following week/the next weekYesterday morningthe morning before,谓语动词的变化:,直接引语:Must;Come;bring,间接引语:had to;go;take,She said,I will come here this
9、evening.”,She said that she would go there that evening,1、直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：,2、直接引语中的指示代词转换规则：,3、直接引语中动词come在间接引语中用go:,4、直接引语中副词here在间接引语中用there：,5、如果是在当天或在原地转达，则上述时间状语 或地点状语一律不变：,注意！,this,that,these,those,直接引语转间接引语其他部分变化,hereover heretonightnowtodayyesterdaytomorrowlast week/month/yearnext week/month/
10、yearagothe day after tomorrowthisthesecomebring,thereover therethat nightthenthat daythe day beforethe next daythe week/moth/yearbeforethe next week/month/yearbeforetwo days laterthatthosegotake,（1）She said“Ill come this evening.”She said(that)she would go that evening.（2）My sister said to me,“Im le
11、aving tomorrow.”My sister told me(that)she was leaving the next day.（3）He said,“My mother is not here now.”He said(that)his mother was not there then.（4）Nancy said,”I am very happy today.”Nancy said(that)she was very happy that day.,1.直接引语是陈述句变为间接引语的方法 引导词为:语序:,that,不变,(that可省略),四、如何变句型,When do you
12、have math?(They asked him),They asked him,when,you have math,you have math.,he,had,They asked him when he had math.,2.特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语,陈述句语序（即主语在前，谓语在后）,“What are you doing?”,She asked me,I was doing.,what,“Why do you like English?”,He asked me,I liked English,why,“Where does he live?”,She asked me,he
13、 lived.,where,Do you have math?(They asked him),They asked him,Whether/if,you have math,you have math.,he,had,They asked him whether/if he had math.,3.一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语,注意：与or或 or not连用时，不用if，要用whether.,陈述句语序（即主语在前，谓语在后）,“Do you know my name?”,She asked me,I knew her name.,Whether/if,是否,Can you play th
14、e piano?(They asked him),They asked him,Whether/if,You can play the piano,you can play the piano.,he,could,They asked him whether/if he could play the piano.,“Can you help me?”,She asked me,I could help her.,Whether/if,Are you a teacher?(They asked him),They asked him,Whether/if,you are a teacher,yo
15、u are a teacher.,he,was,They asked him whether he was a teacher.,“Are you ready?”,She asked me,I was ready.,Whether/if,4.直接引语是祈使句变为间接引语的方法 间接引语应改为“tell(ask,order等)sb(not)to do sth.”句型。She said,“Dont talk.”She asked the children She said,“Be quiet.”She asked me She said,“Put up you hands if you have
16、anyquestions.She told us,to put up our hands if we had any questions.,to be quiet.,not to talk.,Exercise,1.“I never eat meat.”he said.He said that _ never _ meat.2.The teacher said,“The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the wes
17、t.3.“I met her yesterday.”he said to me.He _ me that he _ met her the day _.4.“You must come here before five.”he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.5.“Are you interested in this?”he said.He _ _ I was interested in _.6.“Dont tell him the news.”she said.She told me _ _ _ him the news.,he,ate,r
18、ises,goes,told,had,before,had,there,asked,if,that,to,not,tell,She said to me“Why are you interested in science?”She asked me _ _ _interested in science.2.He asked him“when will you buy the red coat?”He asked him _ _ _ buy the red coat.3.Shirley asked me“Where were you born?”Shirley asked me _ _ _ born.4.“Whats wrong with you?”Lily asked me.Lily asked me _ _ _ with _.,Exercises:,why I was,when he would,where I was,what was wrong me,
