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1、汉英翻译之,长句翻译,由于历史、政治和经济上的原因，全世界讲英语、用英语的人为数最多。但是英语之所以能在全球流行，除了上述原因之外，也和英语自身的一些特性和特点不无相关。其中最重要的一点就是英语特别容易接受和适应英语中的词汇吸收了全世界几乎所有主要语言的材料。The English language is spoken or read by the largest number of people in the world for historical，political，and economic reasons.But it may also be true that the popular
2、ity of English language has much to do with some qualities and characteristics in itself.First and most important is its extraordinarily receptivity and adaptability-it has taken materials into its own vocabulary from almost all major languages in the world.,男人在结婚前觉得适合自己的女人很少，结婚后觉得适合自己的女人很多。Man migh
3、t think that few women fit him before his marriage,while contrarily when they get married.,汉语强调意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多；英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句,本科生分为四年制和五年制两种，学生毕业考试及格并且通过论文答辩后，即可获得学士学位。The undergraduate program is either four years or five years.After passing the
4、 graduation examinations and defending successfully their graduation theses,the students will be conferred a bachelors degree.,主从区分,汉语复句中往往不用关联词，分句之间的逻辑关系在很多情况下主要靠顺序来表示，即采用所谓“意合法”。同时，汉语复句里接二连三出现的动词，从形式上看，它们都是平等的，没有主从，偏正之分；从逻辑上分析，分句之间也有主从之分。一般说来，凡是为主的分句即正句，用英语限定式动词结构来表达；从属的分句即偏句，用非限定式动词短语，介词短语，或增加从属关
5、联词，或通过其他各种从句形式来处理。,表示原因或结果的部分，一般应从属于表示结果的部分。原文：在得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家横行霸道。译文1：Before I was taken ill,I had been a spoiled child of my parents,getting things my way in the family.译文2：Before I fell ill,I had been the bully under our roof owing to my doting parents.,表示方式或状态的部分，一般应从属于表示行为或动作的部分。其后走过三个人，都有四五十岁光
6、景，手摇白纸扇，缓步而来。Behind him came three men,all some forty to fifty years old.Fanning themselves with white paper fans,they advanced slowly.,表示方法和手段的部分，应从属于表示目的的部分。我们用自己动手的方法，达到了丰衣足食的目的。By using our own hands we have attained the objective of“ample food and clothing”.,属于修饰或说明关系的分句或短语，一般应译作从属部分（如定语从句）。这个战
7、争，在东方历史上是空前的，在世界历史上也将是伟大的，全世界人民都关心这个战争。The people of the whole world are concerned about this war,which has no precedent in the history of the East,and which will be a great war in world history,too.,背景情况描述部分，一般应从属于结论部分（状语从句或独立结构）。帝国主义国家对外侵略扩张，争夺世界霸权，必然走向战争。Engaged in aggression and expansion abroad
8、 for the purpose of the world hegemony,the imperialist inevitably will go to war.,Cohesive Devices Commonly Used in English and Chinese,referencesubstitutionellipsisconjuctionlexical device,Susan was upset.She yelled,“I am banging my head against the wall.Why?Why did you do that to me?”(reference)A:
9、We have no average students.B:Sure,you have only good ones.(substitution)Which player will you sent to play in the match tonight?Of course,the best.(ellipsis)It is probably going to rain.So,we take umbrellas with us.(conjuction),我看那边月台的栅栏外有几个卖东西的等着顾客。走到那边月台，须穿过铁道，须跳下去又爬上去。父亲是一个胖子，走过去自然要费事些。我本来要去的，他不
10、肯，只好让他去。I caught sight of several vendors waiting for customers outside the railings beyond a platform.But to reach that platform would require crossing the railway track and doing some climbing up and down.That would be a strenuous job for father who was fat.I wanted to do all that myself,but he st
11、opped me,so I could do nothing but let him go.,据说，上海男人是最好的丈夫。他们总是知道该如何讨妻子的欢心，从而避免了矛盾，一家人其乐融融。所以从某种程度上讲，上海男人是社会安定和和谐的象征。当妻子快乐时，他也快乐，因而整个城市也充满了快乐气氛。虽然上海男人被戏谑为“妻管严”，但他并不屈从于妻子。在与妻子有争议时，他要么保持沉默，要么一笑置之。有时候他会发火，但事后不久，他也会毫不迟疑地道歉。最终他妻子发现，她还是按照他的想法行事。上海男人聪明、务实，有时也相当圆滑。最令人印象深刻的是，上海男人在事业上有进取心，对家庭有很强的责任感，而且尊重女性。,
