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1、第二讲,数词和主谓一致,数词,一、基数词,二、序数词,三、数词的用法,1英语中年月日、钟点、序数词、分数、编号、算式表示,法列表,续表,2.hundred,thousand,million,billion 表示确切的数目时,不能加-s。如:two hundred students。如果表示不确切的数目,则在后面加-s,并与 of 连用。如:hundreds of teachers,thousandsof farmers,millions of stars。,3scores of 与 dozens of 都表示概数,意为“数十;许多”。如:scores of eggs(许多个鸡蛋),dozens
2、 of eggs(许多个/数打鸡蛋)。也可以说 a score of eggs,但不能说 a dozen of eggs。4年代的表示法有两种。如:“在二十世纪八十年代”可,写成 in the 1980s 或 in the 1980s。,5“基数词名词”构成的定语,其中的名词用单数。如:a three-month baby 一个三个月大的婴儿an 800-word composition 一篇 800 字的文章6序数词前加 the 表示顺序。如:the Second World War 第二次世界大战the first question 第一个问题,序数词前加不定冠词 a 表示“再;又”。如:
3、,Ive failed six times,but I decided to have a seventh try.我已经失败了六次,但我决定再尝试一次。,主谓一致,主谓一致是指主语和谓语要保持人称和数上的一致,主语,的“人称”和“数”决定谓语动词的数。,一、主谓一致原则一览表,二、概念归纳,1表时间、距离、金额、重量、数字等的复数名词作“整,体”看时,谓语常用单数。如:,Two hours is quite enough.两个小时足够了。,2以-s 结尾的名词作主语时,根据其意思来决定谓语动词,的单复数。,(1)表学科的名词(physics 等)、国名(the United States 等
4、)或组织名称(the United Nations 等)及 news 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,(2)单复数同形的名词,如 means,works 等作主语时,谓语,动词的数根据具体情况而定。如:,Every means has been tried.每种方法都试过了。All means have been tried.所有的方法都试过了。(3)the Olympic Games 作主语时,谓语动词用复数。,3集体名词作主语时,视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数。(1)people,police,cattle,youth 等名词作主语时,谓语动词用,复数。,(2)clothing,furnitu
5、re,equipment 等名词作主语时,谓语动词,用单数。,(3)family,class,government 等名词表示整体概念时谓语动,词用单数,表示个体成员时谓语动词用复数。,4“a number of/a variety of 复数名词”、“the形容词”指一类人时,谓语动词用复数;“the number of/the varietyof复数名词”、“the形容词”作主语指抽象的事物时,谓语动词用单数。如:,The beautiful is loved by all.美的事物人人都爱。(表抽象概念),5以 and 连接的两个名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数,形式,但名词前有 eac
6、h,every,no 修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:,Walking and riding are good exercises.散步与骑车是很好的运动。,Each boy and each girl wants to have a holiday.每个男孩与女孩都想要假期。,注意:当 and 连接的两个单数名词在意义上指的是同一人、,物或概念时,谓语动词仍用单数。如:,The teacher and writer is popular with his students.,那位作家兼老师很受学生欢迎。(指同一人),6动名词、不定式或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。但,what 引导的主语从句视后
7、面的表语而定。如:,What we need is time.我们需要的是时间。What we need are books.我们需要的是书本。,7 主语后接 with,together with,including,combined with,along with,as well as,but,except,besides,like,rather than,in,addition to 等构成的介词短语时,谓语动词根据主语的单复数而定。如:,John,rather than his roommates,is to blame.约翰,而不是他的室友,应该受到责备。,8在“one of复数名词w
8、ho/that”引导的定语从句中的谓语动词用复数,但当 one 之前有 the only,very 等修饰时,从句中的谓语动词用单数。如:,This is one of the girls who were late for school this morning.,她是今天早上上课迟到的女孩之一。,This is the only one of the girls who was late for school this,morning.她是唯一一个今天早上上课迟到的女孩。,9glasses,shoes,trousers 等复数名词前若有 pair,kind,type,box of 等量词修
9、饰时,谓语动词根据量词的单复数而定。如:,A pair of shoes is under the bed.床下有一双鞋。,10由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/half of/the rest of/most of名词/代词”或“分数/百分数of名词”作主语时,谓语动词视其所接的名词的单复数而定。如:,Three-fifths of the books are intended for the poor students.五,分之三的书是为贫困学生准备的。,The rest of the money belongs to you.剩下的钱是你的。11由 or,eith
10、er.or,neither.nor,not only.but also 等连接的名词或代词作主语及 there be 结构中,谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。如:,Not only we but also the teacher likes listening to MP4.,不仅是我们,还有老师也喜欢听 MP4。,12 不定代词(all 指人除外)、“many a 单数名词”、“more than one单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:,All has been finished.所有的都完成了。,All are late for the meeting.所有人开会都迟到了。,More than one person has made the suggestion.不止一个人提出了建议。,