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1、美国名人军事家道格拉斯麦克阿瑟DouglasMacArthur:BorntoBeaSoldierplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:58repeatByPaulThompson2005-7-23(MUSIC)ANNCR:Now,theVOASpecialEnglishprogramPEOPLEINAMERICA.TodayRichKleinfeldtandSarahLongtellaboutoneofthemostunusualandsuccessfulAmericanmilitaryleaders,GeneralDouglasMacArthur.(MUSIC)VOIC
2、EONE:GeneralDouglasMacArthurwasamostunusualman.Hewasextremelyintelligentandverydemanding.Heexpectedhisorderstobefollowedexactly.Yethehadproblemsallhislifefollowingtheordersofthosewhowerehiscommanders.DouglasMacArthurwasveryintelligentandcouldrememberthingsthatotherswouldeasilyforget.Hecoulddesignbat
3、tleplansthatlefttheenemynochoiceotherthansurrenderanddefeat.Hisbattleplansdefeatedtheenemyandsavedasmanyofhisownmenaspossible.Atothertimes,hewouldmakesimplemistakesthatmadehimappearstupid.Heoftensaidthingsthatshowedhefeltimportant.Manypeoplemadejokesabouthim.Someofhissoldierssangsongsthatmadefunofhi
4、m.OthersbelievedhewasthebestgeneralevertoserveintheUnitedStatesmilitary.GeneralDouglasMacArthurwasextremelybraveinbattle,sometimesalmostfoolish.Itoftenseemedasifhebelievedhecouldnotbekilled.HewoneverymedalandhonortheUnitedStatescangiveasoldier.However;attheendofhislife,herejectedwarandwarnedAmerican
5、politicalleaderstostayawayfromarmedconflict.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:DouglasMacArthurwasborntobeasoldier.Hisfather;ArthurMacArthur,wasaherooftheAmericanCivilWarandcontinuedtoserveinthearmyafterthewarendedineighteensixty-five.Hebecamethetopofficerofthearmyinnineteen-oh-six.DouglaswasbornonanArmybasenearthesou
6、therncityofLittleRock,ArkansasinJanuary,eighteeneighty.Hegrewuponarmybaseswherehisfatherserved.HesaidthefirstsoundshecouldrememberasachildwerethoseoftheArmy:thesoundsofhorns,drumsandsoldiersmarching.VOICEONE:TherewasneveranyquestionaboutwhatDouglasMacArthurwoulddowithhislife.Hewouldjointhearmy.Hewan
7、tedtoentertheUnitedStatesMilitaryAcademyatWestPoint,NewYork.TheAcademyisauniversitythattrainsofficersfortheUnitedStatesArmy.SchoolOffiCiaISrejectedhimtwotimesbeforehewasaccepted.HefinishedhisfouryearsatWestPointasthebeststudentinhisclass.VOICETWO:DouglasMacArthurbeganhisserviceintheArmybytravelingto
8、severalAsiancountriesincludingJapan,andtothePhilippines,thenanAmericanterritory.HealsoservedatseveralsmallbasesintheUnitedStates.HebecameacolonelwhenWorldWarOnebegan.Heledtroopsonverydangerousattacksagainsttheenemy.Hewonmanyhonorsforhisbraveryandleadership.Afterthatwar;heservedasheadoftheWestPointMi
9、litaryAcademy.Hebecameageneral.Duringthenineteenthirties,PresidentHerbertHooverappointedhimChiefofStaffoftheArmyzoneofthemostimportantjobsintheAmericanmilitary.Innineteen-thirty-five,GeneralMacArthurwasappointedmilitaryadvisortothePhilippines.Hewastohelpthegovernmentbuildanarmyfordefensepurposesasth
10、ePhilippinesbeganplanningforindependence.Hehadretiredfromthearmy.HewasthechiefmilitaryadvisortothePhilippinemilitaryforceswhentheUnitedStatesenteredWorldWarTwoinDecember,nineteenforty-one.VOICEONE:JapaneseaggressioninthePacificdevelopedveryquickly.JapanesetroopsbeganarrivinginthePhilippinesonDecembe
11、releventh,nineteenforty-one.Thefightingwasextremelyfierce.TheJapaneseweredefeatingthePhilippineandAmericanforces.GeneralMacArthurhadbeenrecalledtoactivedutybyPresident.PresidentRooseveltorderedMacArthurtoleavethePhilippinestocommandAmericanforcesintheSouthPacific.GeneralMacArthurfinallyagreedtoleave
12、forAustraliabeforethePhilippinessurrenderedtoJapan.ButhemadeapromisetothePhilippinepeople.Hesaid,Ishallreturn.VOICETWO:MilitaryhistoryexpertscontinuetostudyGeneralMacArthursdecisionsduringWorldWarTwo.HewonbattleafterbattleintheSouthPacificarea.Often,hewouldpassislandswithstrongenemyforces,cutoffthei
13、rsuppliesandleavethemwithnochancetofight.Innineteenforty-four,hereturnedtothePhilippineswithanarmythatdefeatedtheJapanese.VOICEONE:MacArthurwaschosentoaccepttheJapanesesurrenderinSeptember,nineteenforty-five.HewasappointedSupremeCommanderoftheAlliedPowers,theleaderoftheoccupationforcesthatwouldruleJ
14、apan.AsanAmericansoldier;hehadtofollowtheordersofthegovernmentinWashington.ButinJapan,GeneralMacArthurruledlikeadictator.VOICETWO:TheJapaneseexpectedseverepunishment.TheysawMacArthurasaveryconservativerulerwhowouldmakeJapansuffer.MacArthurdidchargesomeJapaneseleaderswithwarcrimes.Buthedidnottrytopun
15、ishtheJapanesepeople.GeneralMacArthurtoldtheJapanesetheymustchange,bothpoliticallyandsocially.Hebeganwitheducation.Beforethewar,femalechildreninJapanreceivedlittleifanyeducation.MacArthursaideducationwouldbeforeveryone,includinggirlsandwomen.Hesaidwomenmusthavetherighttovoteinelections,andbepermitte
16、dtoholdpoliticaloffice.HesaidJapanesewomenwouldnowhavethesamelegalrightsasmen.Andhesaidthateverypersonhadthesamelegalprotectionunderthelaw.VOICEONE:GeneralMacArthurtoldtheJapanesepeopletheywerenowfreetoformpoliticalparties.Andheendedtheideaofanofficialgovernmentreligion.Religionwouldbeamatterofindiv
17、idualchoice.HealsosaidtheJapanesegovernmentwouldnolongerbecontrolledbyafewpowerfulpeople.MacArthurtoldJapanitwouldnowberuledbyaparliamentthatwasfreelyelectedbythepeople.HehelpedthepeopleofJapanwriteanewconstitutionforademocraticformofgovernment.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:OnJunetwenty-fifth,nineteenfifty,NorthK
18、oreantroopsinvadedSouthKorea.Withintwodays,theUnitedStatesdecidedtosendarmedforcestoaidSouthKorea.DouglasMacArthurwasappointedcommanderoftheUnitedNationsforcesinSouthKorea.Astheweekspassed,theNorthKoreanarmyforcedtheSouthKoreanArmyanditsalliestoretreattothesoutherncityofPusan.Manymilitaryexpertssaid
19、SouthKoreawaslost.GeneralMacArthurdidnotagree.Hewantedtoattackfromthesea,deepbehindtheenemytroopsatthecityofInchon.MacArthursaidtheenemywouldnotbeprepared.Mostothermilitaryleadersbelievedthiswouldbeextremelydangerous.AmericanMarinesdidattackInchonSeptemberfifteenth.Itwasacompletesuccess.MacArthurhad
20、beenright.VOICEONE:GeneralMacArthuroftendisagreedwithpoliticalleaders.PresidentTrumanwarnedhimseveraltimesnottodisagreewithgovernmentpolicy.GeneralMacArthurcontinuedtodisagreeandtoldreporterswhenhedid.Heoftengaveordersthatwerenotapprovedbythepresident.MacArthurcalledforatotalvictoryinKorea.Hewantedt
21、odefeatcommunisminEastAsia.HewantedtobombChinesebasesinManchuriaandblockChineseports.PresidentTrumanandhismilitaryadviserswereconcernedWorldWarThreewouldstart.InApril,nineteenfifty-onezPresidentTrumanreplacedMacArthurasheadoftheU.N.forcesinKorea.DouglasMacArthurwenthometotheUnitedStates.Itwasthefirs
22、ttimehehadbeenthereinmorethanfifteenyears.Hewashonoredasareturninghero.HewasinvitedtospeakbeforeCongress.TherewasahugeparadetohonorhiminNewYorkCity.VOICETWO:GeneralMacArthurretiredagain.Somepoliticalleaderswantedhimtocompeteforsomepoliticaloffice,perhapsforpresident.Instead,helivedaquietlifewithhisw
23、ifeandson.Hediedattheageofeighty-fouronAprilfifth,nineteensixty-four.Today,manyAmericanshaveforgottenDouglasMacArthur.However,thepeopleofthePhilippinesbuiltastatuetohonorhimforkeepinghispromisetoreturn.And,manyJapanesevisitorsgotoGeneralMacArthursburialplaceinNorfolk,VirginiatorememberwhathedidforJapan.(MUSIC)ANNCR:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyPaulThompson.YournarratorswereRichKleinfeldtandSarahLong.mShirleyGriffith.ListenagainnextweekforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
