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1、我的梦想是我能进入一所重点大学。,My dream is that I can enter a key university.,我能进入一所重点大学是我的梦想。,That I can enter a key university is my dream.,I have a dream that I can enter a key university.,我有一个梦想我能进入一所重点大学,我总是梦想着我能进入一所重点大学。,I always dream that I can enter a key university.,主语从句,同位语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,That/wh-clause +
2、 v +主语从句S +be/link.v + that/wh-clause表语从句S + vt + that/wh-clause宾语从句S + vi + prep + wh-clause宾语从句,断句方法同定语从句： 1. 含有关系词的： 始关系词 末第二个谓语动词之前 2. 不含关系词的： 始（句中）主谓结构 末第二个谓语动词之前,名词性从句,主语+be+表语,主语+do+宾语,名 词,名 词,名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,主语从句在句中做- 宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做- 同位语从句在句中-,主语,宾语,表语,同位语,1. That he will come
3、is certain.,2. I know that he will come.,3. The truth is that I have been there.,4. The fact that she was late surprised us.,为什么叫名词性从句？_,整个从句相当于一个名词,比较:,The man looked around.That the boy failed again in the exam disappointed his mother.,同样作主语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义,一般是个动作或性质,I know him.I know that he is writ
4、ing his composition in his room,2. 为什么要有名词性从句？,那人看了看四周. (名词作主语),那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望. (从句作主语),我知道他在房间里写作文.,从句的特征:,是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的一个成分 (that 除外),名词能做的成分,从句都能做,从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多,学习目标：1. 掌握主语从句的基本概念；2. 能从句中找出主语从句；3. 能够概括出主语从句的引导词；学会根据句意选择恰当的引导词。,Subject Clause,主语从句,在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。,主 语 从 句,that, whether
5、， wh-词,在从句中不作成分: that，if，whether “是否”,在从句中作成分: what/who/whom/ which whatever/ whoever/ whichever where/when/why/ how注意：which表示有明确范围的选择,一 that不作成分, 无翻译，但不能省 It is unfair. Women are treated unequally in some areas. women are treated unequally in some areas is unfair. It is undoubted. Taiwan belongs to
6、 China. Taiwan belongs to China is undoubted.,That,That,Whether/if不作成分，if不能位于句首, It is a question. He should get married. he should get married is a question.,if, whether “是否”,Whether,wh-词作成分, 引导陈述语序 连接代词：what, who 连接副词：when, where, why, how It was none of your business.,What he said,It(形式主语).+that/
7、whether/wh-. It is undoubted. Taiwan belongs to China. It is a question. He should get married. It is not a big deal.,that,who takes the first step.,whether,he,It + be + 形容词 that从句,It is necessary that 有必要It is important that . 重要的是It is obvious that 很明显,It + be + -ed分词 that从句,It is believed that 人们
8、相信It is known to us/all that . 众所周知It has been decided that 已经决定,用it形式主语的that从句有以下四种不同的搭配：,It + be + 名词 that从句,It is common knowledge that 是常识It is a surprise that . 令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是,It + 不及物动词 that从句,It appears that 似乎It happens that . 碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起,另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋
9、惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用 虚拟语气 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that,注 意：,1.“if” 不能引导主语从句，应有“whether”引导。,3.主语从句的 “that” 一般不能省。,二. 主语从句需注意的问题,2.主语从句中用陈述语序,4 主语从句中的“主谓一致”：,1）.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.,That th
10、ey will come _certain.,2). What 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.,What he wants _these books.What he wants _some water.,is,are,is,Complete the sentences using what, whether, where, when， who, why, how or that.,1.(_ is needed for success) is your hard work.,3.(_ we will go tomorrow )hasnt been decided yet
11、.,2.(_ they will arrive )has been told to the teacher.,4.(_ can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher.,5.(_ it will rain or not) is not clear.,7.(_ the earth is a solid ball) is known to us all.,What,When/How,Where/whether,Who,Whether,That,6. (_ the earth is becoming warm) is a good topi
12、c for research.,Why,主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。,Conclusion:,_ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How,2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where,Choose the best choice,3. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.wh
13、ether B. that C. what D. when4.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have,【常见错误展示】下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。1. Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.2. If shes coming or not doesnt matter much.,That,that虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。,Whether,if, whether都可表示“是否”, 但if不能
14、引导位于主句之前的主语从句，它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语it的主语从句。,3. That the professor said is of great importance.4. Where will the trees be planted has not been decided.,What,that引导主语从句时无词义。What the professor said表示“教授所说的”。,将will置于trees之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。,5. No matter who breaks the rule will be punished.6. When and where the
15、 meeting will be held still remain a question.,引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用whoever。,Whoever,主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。,remains,7. What were your problems a year ago has now become mine.8. It was requested that everyone made a speech at the meeting.,has要改为have。主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语要用复数形式。,have,在“It is requested /
16、 ordered / suggested + that从句”中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略。,(should) make,断句,始:连接词,末:第二个谓语动词之前,始:空格,末:第二个谓语动词之前,空格在从句内部 that/whether/if what/who/when/where/why/how,空格在从句外部 形式主语选 It,主语从句做题思路：,宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（ 可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语） that, whether，if （ that 常可省略） 连词：who, what, which, who
17、ever, whatever when , where , why ,how1). Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring.2). It all depends on whether they will support us .3). She will give whoever needs help a warm support.4).I find it necessary that we should do the homework.,二宾语从句,宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介
18、词之后。,1. a. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： I heard that he joined the army. (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.,b. 作介词的宾语，例如： Our succes
19、s depends upon how well we can cooperate(合作）with one another.,c. 作形容词的宾语，例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. I am sure (that) he will win the game.,d. it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如： We thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.,2. a 由连接词that引
20、导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如： We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.,注意1：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。I insist that
21、 she (should) do her work alone. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.,注意2： 在宾语从句中，that 从句只跟在 except, but, besides, save（除之外）五个介词后面The Swede stood still, except _ his lips moved slightly.,that,b. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whe
22、ther，不用if： 引导主语从句并在句首时；引导表语从句时；引导从句作介词宾语时；从句后有“or not”时；后接动词不定式时。,Practice time,if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.8. I dont know _ to go.,if / whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,I
23、doubt if / whether he will pass the exam. I dont doubt that we will win the match.Do you doubt that he did it on his own?,doubt问题,肯定句中用 if / whether,否定句中用 that,疑定句中用 that,I doubt _he is telling the truth. We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out .Does he doubt _ you are from Austria?Im doubtful
24、 _ he will agree to this.,if / whether,that,that,if / whether,c. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：_我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。,I dont think the dress fits you well,3 a.当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。b.当主句的谓语动词是一
25、般过去时，宾语从句的谓语 动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。 The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound.,travels,will be,goes,were playing,have returned,had been,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six
26、oclock yesterday evening. I hear they _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be),wrote,has taken,had been,6. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)7. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)8. Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall severa
27、l times. (be),4. 宾语从句中用it作形式宾语,We think it our duty that we should help others.,注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。,我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的.,I find it impossible that he can finish the work in two days.,Exercises: “it”作形式主语或形式宾语：,1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full A. it B. that C
28、. these D. them 2. I feel _ strange that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how 3. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. Awhile B. that Cif Dfor 4 Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back? A. weB. yourselfC. itD. them,A,B,B,C,三. 表语从句：表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构
29、是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。作用：对主语进行解释说明。,连接词：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不引 导表语从句)连接代词：who / whoever / which / whatever 连接副词：when / where / why / how / because,China is no longer what she used to be. Thats because we were in need of money at that time .He looked as i
30、f he was going to cry .The question was who could go there.,需注意：在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。 It is /was because . It is /was why. 在句型That / It is + 表语从句中，why 表示“结果”，because 表示“原因”。如:There was something wrong with his car. That was why he came late.The boss scolded him. That w
31、as because he came late.3. The reason (why/for)is /was that.4 The reason is because /why,that .,1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. w
32、hat C. which D. where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when,在复合句中作主句的表语.引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句,1.问题是我们和他已失去联系.2.这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的.3.天看起来要下雨了.,The problem is_,This is_.,It looks_.,that we have lost touch with him.,how Henry solved the problem.,as if it is
33、 going to rain.,四同位语从句,1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，(如advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word 等抽象名词) ，同位语从句常用 that/ whether引导或连接副词when / where /why / how ，例如：,同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。,e.g., 1) The kings d
34、ecision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.3）Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them .,2. 同位语在句子中的位置 当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置，构成分隔式同位语从句，即可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got
35、the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.,1（2012浙江）I made a promise to myself _this year, my first year in high school, would be different.A. whether B. what C. that D. how 2 (2012 江苏)the notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed.A. when B. that C. whethe
36、r D. how,3 （2012重庆） Evidence has been found through years of study _childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.A. Why B. how C. whether D. that,that在同位语从句与定语从句的区别,（I）试比较下面两个例句: 1.The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very good.2.The suggestion that the stude
37、nts should have plenty of exercise is very good.,（that引导定语从句, 作宾语, 可以省略）,（that引导同位语从句,在从句中不担当任何成分，但不可以省略）,3 The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）4 The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）,辨别下列从句1.We heard the news
38、 that our team had won.2.We must face the fact that we had spent all our money.3. The news that he told me yesterday was false.4. I have no doubt that he will come soon. 5. The fact is that we have spent all our money.,同位语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,表语从句,翻译以下句子，并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。1.What he wants is a bo
39、ok.2.It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together.3.Im so glad that I can make friends with you.4.This is why he did it.5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip in Tibet?6.That he wants a book is certain.7.I suggested just now we (should) take part in this activit
40、y.8.Whether you like him or not doesnt matter too much.9.He doesnt know whether you can sing it well.10.The problem is whether you can sing it well.11.The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided.12.Please tell me who your monitor is.,主语从句,主语从句,主语从句,主语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,表语从
41、句,同位语从句,同位语从句,(1) They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they(2) Can you make sure _ the gold ring?A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice putC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put(3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and see _. A. who is h
42、e B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is,B,C,I.语序问题,考点归纳,D,归纳,在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句之首外，其它部分应用_的语序。,陈述,II.用if 或whether 填空,1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.4. It depends on _ we will have enough money.5. _ the
43、y can do it matters little to us.6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,Whether,If,a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用_，不能用if ；b.后面紧跟 or not 时, 用_.,归纳,whether,whether,III. that 与whether / if 的选择：,(1) _ knowledge comes from practice is known to all. WhatB. Wh
44、ereC. If D. That(2) It makes no difference _ our sports meet will be held this week or next week. A. thatB. eitherC. whetherD. when(3) I doubt _ he will come soon.(4) I do not doubt _ he will come soon.(5) Do you doubt _ he will come soon?,D,C,whether / if,that,that,表示是否时用_,表示肯定时用_,归纳,whether /if,th
45、at,1._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind.2._ the earth is round is known to us all.3. _ he won the race was _ we expected.,that:,what:,_只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义,_起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语， 表示“所的”。,That,What,That,what,归纳,. that， what引导名词性从句的区别,. what & whatever who & whoever which & whichev
46、er,引导名词性从句的区别,1._ is worth doing is worth doing well.2. _we need is more time.3._ will go to the USA hasnt been decided.4._ breaks the law will be punished.,Whatever,What,Who,Whoever,_等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而_等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。,Whoever,whatever,Who, what,How about camping this weekend，just fo
47、r a change?OK，_you want.Awhichever B. howeverCwhatever Dwhoever解析 考查情景交际。句意：“周末野营怎么样，换换口味？”“好的，你想做什么都可以。”此处whatever表示“无论什么”，作want的宾语，故选C项。答案C,1. Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.which B. thatC. whatever D. all what2. These wild flowers are so special that I would do
48、_ I can to save them.which B. thatC. whatever D. all what3. _ kills, sells or eats wild animals or birds, is to blame.AnyoneB. Anyone whoC. Those whoD. Those,B,C,C,Exercises,疑问词ever和no matter疑问词的区别1)疑问词ever(无论)可以引导名词性从句和让步状语从句。Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.(名词性从句，作主语)Whoever breaks the ru
49、le, he must be punished.(让步状语从句，作状语)No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.2)no matter疑问词，只能引导让步状语从句No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”，相当于anything that./anyone who.。,. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气：,He suggested that a meeting (shoul
50、d) be held immediately. It was suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately. His suggestion was that a meeting (should) be held immediately.He made a suggestion that a meeting (should) be held immediately.,表示建议, 请求, 命令, 要求,坚持等的名词性从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气.,归纳,2.在主语从句中用来表示惊奇, 不相信,惋惜,理应如此等, 谓语动词用虚拟语气( sho
