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1、大学英语中修辞手法归纳总结 篇一：大学英语修辞手法总结 英语修辞手法总结 4) personification/p?s?n?f?ke?n/: (拟人）it gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). for example, the wind whistled through the trees. 5) hyperbole/ha?p?b?l?/: (夸张） it
2、is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. for instance, he almost died laughing. 6) understatement: (含蓄陈述） it is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. it achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener o
3、r the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. for instance, it is no laughing matter. 7) euphemism/ ?ju?f?m?z?m/: (委婉） it is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. for instance, we
4、refer to die as pass away. 8) metonymy (转喻）it is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. for instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces). 9) synecdochesinekd?ki (提喻） it is involves the substitution of the part for the wh
5、ole, or the 2 whole for the part. for instance, they say theres bread and work for all. she was dressed in silks. 10) antonomasia?nt?noum?i?(换喻）it has also to do with substitution. it is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. for example, solomon for a wise man. daniel for a wi
6、se and fair judge. judas for a traitor. 11) pun: (双关语） it is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. for instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (here arms has two meanings: a persons body; weapons carried by a soldier.) 12) syllepsis silepsis
7、: (一语双叙） it has two connotations. in the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). for example, he addressed you and
8、 me, and desired us to follow him. (here us is used to refer to you and me.) in the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. for example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (here to losi
9、ng ones limbs in literal; to lose ones mind is figurative, and means to go mad.) 13) zeugmazju:gm?: (轭式搭配） it is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses.
10、for example, the sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (here noon is not strong enough to burn) 14) irony/ a?r?n?/: (反语） it is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense.
11、 for instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good. 16) sarcasm: (讽刺） it sarcasm is a strong form of irony. it attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. for example, laws are like cobwebs, which may
12、catch small flies, but let wasps break through. 17) paradox: (似非而是的隽语） it is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to 3 established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be tru
13、e, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. for example more haste, less speed. 19) antithesis: (对照） it is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. for example, speech is silver; silence is golden. 20) epigram: (警句） it stat
14、es a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). it is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. for instance, few, save the poor, feel for the poor. 21) climax: (渐进） it is derived from the greek word for ladder and impli
15、es the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. for example, i came, i saw, i conquered. 22) anti-climax or bathos: (突降）it is the opposite of climax. it involves stating ones thoughts in a descending order o
16、f significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. for instance, but thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat. 23) apostrophe： (顿呼） in this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if pr
17、esent, listening and understanding what is being said. for instance, england! awake! awake! awake! 24) transferred epithet: (转类形容词） it is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not
18、 really apply or belong. for instance, i spent sleepless nights on my project. 25) alliteration: (头韵） it has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. it is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial conson
19、ant sound, it is also called front rhyme. for instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free. 26) onomatopoeia: (拟声） it is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of som
20、e action or movement4 explanation version1 一、什么是修辞格 修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼，给人以美的享受。要翻译好英语修辞格，首先要弄清其特点、弄清英汉两种语言在这方面的异同，然后根据具体情况采用恰当的技巧进行翻译。英语修辞格种类很多，但粗略分来似可分为音韵修辞格、词义修辞格和句法修辞格。 音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices) 顾名思义，音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。它主要包括onomatopoeia、allitera
21、tion和assonance。onomatopoeia是模仿事物发出的声响的修辞手法，与汉语的拟声辞格完全相同。恰当地运用它可以使语言更加形象生动。如： presently there came the click of high-heeled shoes. 高跟皮鞋声阁阁地传了过来。 alliteration就是在一个词组或一个诗行中，有两个以上彼此靠近的词，其开头的音节具有同样的字母或声音；assonance是在一句话或在一个诗行中间，有两个或更多的词具有相同的元音。前者与汉语的双声(汉语中两个或多个音节，声母相同，叫做双声，它不是辞格)相似，后者与汉语的叠韵非常相似。例如： peter
22、piper picked a peck of picking pepper. 皮特.派特咽下了一口腌菜用的胡椒粉。 with this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. (assonance) 怀着这个信念，我们能把绝望的大山凿成希望的磐石。 词义修辞格(semantic rhetorical devices) 词义修辞格主要借助语义的联想和语言的变化等特点创造出来的修辞手法。它们主要包括simile, metaphor, allusion, metonymy, transf
23、erred epithet, personifi-cation, hyperbole, irony, euphemism, pun, oxymoron, zeugma, contrast 等。 a. simile，metaphor；allusion simile与汉语的明喻 the project is an economic albatross from the start. 这个项目从一开始就是一个摆脱不了的经济难题。(albatross是英国诗人柯勒律治的古舟子咏中的信天翁，它被忘恩负义的水手杀死后， 全船陷入灾难中。) b. metonymy; transferred epithet
24、metonymy、synecdoche和_1antonomasia都是不直接说出事物的本来名称，而换用另一个名称或另一个说法。它们大体上相当于汉语的借代。如crown可喻指君主、王权、王国*等；doll可喻指姑娘、宝贝等。再如： the baby was brought up on the bottle. 这个婴儿是喝牛奶或羊奶长大的。 some mute inglorious milton here may rest.某个沉默的、无名诗人也许在此长眠。 transferred epithet是采用表示性质和特征的形容词或相当于形容词的词来修饰、限定与它根本不同属性的名词。这种修辞手法能与汉语
25、中的移就基本相似。例如： the doctors face expressed a kind of doubting admiration. 医生的脸上流露出钦佩而又带有疑惑的神情。 c. personification; hyperbole personification与汉语拟人完全相同，就是赋予物以人的言语属性。这种拟人化的修辞手法读起来使人感到特别形象生动、富有情趣。例如： words pay no debts. 空话还不了债。 hyperbole与汉语的夸张完全相同，都是为了表达深刻的感受,抒发强烈的感情，通过故意夸大事实来给人留下深刻的印象。例如： his words made m
26、y blood freeze. 听了他的话， 我的血都快凝固了。 d. irony; euphemism；pun irony的含义比汉语的反语广泛。它包括verbal irony, dramatic irony, situational irony。后两种已超出一般修辞格的范畴，这里不作详细介绍。verbal irony与汉语反语的特点完全相同，也是正话反说，反话正说，一般需借助于特定的上下文和语境才能被正确理解。在多数情况下，irony可以译成汉语的反语。例如： she talked about great people as if she had the fee-simple of may
27、 fair, and when 6 the court went into mourning, she always wore black. 她一开口就是某某勋爵某某大人，那口气竟好象她生来就是贵族。宫里有了丧事， 她没有一回不穿孝。 euphemism就是用转弯抹角的说法来代替直截了当的话，把原来显得粗鲁或令人尴尬的语言温和、含蓄地表达出来。这在汉语中叫委婉语。例如： 用sanitation engineer替代garbage man(清洁工) 用the disadvantaged替代the poor(穷人) 用 industrial action替代strike(罢工) pun与汉语双关一
28、样，就是用一个词，一句话，或一个语言片段同时表达双重意思：一个是表面的，一是隐含的，并且以隐含的意思为主。恰当的运用这种手法会使语言生动有趣，达到由此及彼的效果。英语pun 和汉语的双关语都可以分为两类：谐音双关和语义双关。前者是利用词意根本不同的谐音词构成。后者是利用一词多义的特点来构成。虽然pun和汉语双关在格式和修辞作用上基本相同，但是由于两种语言的语音不同，多义词也很难找到完全对应的词语。例如： what does that lawyer do after he dies?-lie still. 那个律师死后干什么？躺着仍说鬼话。(注：lie躺， 撒谎；still安静地， 仍然) e.
29、 oxymoron; zeugma ; contrast oxymoron(矛盾修辞法）与汉语中的反映辞格类似，都是将相互矛盾的概念和判断巧妙地联系在一起，以便相互映衬，突出事物的特点，表达复杂的思想感情和意味深长的哲理。矛盾修辞手法在英语中常见，但在汉语中很少见。如：sweet sorrow 忧喜参半(不是甜蜜的悲伤)； proud humility 不卑不亢(不是骄傲的谦卑) zeugma是用一个词与两个以上的在意义上不相干的名词搭配。它用词简练， 饶有风趣，与汉语的拈连在性质上完全一致。例如： she opened the door and her heart to the homele
30、ss boy. 她对这个无家可归的孩子打开了自己的大门， 也打开了自己的心扉。 contrast和汉语的对照在修辞格上是完全相同的，就是把两个相反的事物或一件事物的正反两方面放在一起，在比较和衬托之中突出不同事物的矛盾性，例如： united we stand, divided we fall. 合则存，分则亡。 句法修辞格(syntactical rhetorical devices) 句子结构上的修辞格主要是指通过句子结构的均衡布局或是突出重点创造出来的修辞手法。这类辞格主要包括repetition, rhetorical question, antithesis, apostrophe
31、等。它们与汉语中的反复、设问、对偶、倒装基本相同。例如： (1)i have written in bed and written out of it, written day and night. 我卧床写， 起床写； 白天写， 晚上也写。 (2)the gods, they say, give breath , and they take it away. but the same could be said-could it not? 人都说老天爷把气赐予生灵，又把气夺走。不过这话用在小小的逗号上， 何尝不是如此？(rhetorical question) (3)man proposes
32、, god disposes. 谋事在人， 成事在天。(antithesis) (4)up went the balloon into the cloudless sky. 气球腾空而起， 飘入万里无云的蓝天。(anastrophe)7 explanation version2 一、什么是修辞格 修辞格是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼，给人以美的享受。要翻译好英语修辞格，首先要弄清其特点、弄清英汉两种语言在这方面的异同，然后根据具体情况采用恰当的技巧进行翻译。英语修辞格种类很多，但粗略分来似可分为音韵修辞格、词义修辞格和句法修辞格。音韵修辞格 顾名思义，音韵修辞格是利
33、用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。它主要包括onomatopoeia、alliteration和assonance.onomatopoeia是模仿事物发出的声响的修辞手法，与汉语的拟声辞格完全相同。恰当地运用它可以使语言更加形象生动。如： presently there came the click of high-heeled shoes.高跟皮鞋声阁阁地传了过来。alliteration就是在一个词组或一个诗行中，有两个以上彼此靠近的词，其开头的音节具 篇二：英语各种修辞方法总结 alliteration：一组单词的第一个辅音相同，比如例句中四个以l开头的单词。 let us go fo
34、rth to lead the land we love. anacoluthon：句子从一种结构变成另外一种结构，比如例句由肯定结构变成疑问结构。 as a regular reader of your papers - why does it give so little space to science? anadiplosis：将一个或一组单词重复多遍，比如例句中的servants。 men in great place are thrice servants: servants of state, servants of fame, and servants of business.
35、 anaphora：将一个句子的开头单词或短语，在随后的句子中重复多遍，比如例句中的we shall fight。 we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. anastrophe: 改变正常词序，比如例句中最后一部分，正常词序是yet a breeze never b
36、lew up 。 the helmsman steered, the ship moved on, yet never a breeze up blew. antistrophe：在每个句子的结尾，重复相同的单词或短语，比如例句中的without warning。 in 1931, japan invaded manchuria, without warning. in 1935, italy invaded ethiopia, without warning. in 1938, hitler occupied austria, without warning. antithesis：两个或多
37、个句子，结构相同，但含义相反，或者含义形成对比，比如例句中的is no vice与is no virtue。 extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice, moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue. aporia：假装表示疑问，做出对某件事情好象不太肯定的样子，比如例句的最后部分。 then the steward said within himself, what shall i do? aposiopesis：突然中断一个句子，以表示恐惧、兴奋等感情，比如例句在i saw后面中断。 the first thing i saw - but i dare not describe the dreadful sight. apostrophe：在叙述过程中，突然对不在场的第三人的称呼，比如例句中的o you gods。 judge, o you gods, how dearly caesar loved h
