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1、四六级考试颠峰训练写作专项,Writing is Somewhere Between Cheating and Creating.,模板不是万能的，使用者尽量不要背模板；经过一定时间的模仿训练之后，使用者应力求个性化自己的作品。写作时，要从切题、结构和语言三方面检查自己的文章是否达到大纲的要求。篇幅应以题目要求的数量为准，不要太少，更不要太多。书写要工整，立意要新颖，论理要充分，过渡要流畅。此外，对于名人名言或是谚语俗语等要慎用，不要在记不清或不懂原文意思的情况下乱用。,四六级考试作文主要类型：因果论例如：（CET-4,1996,6)Global Shortage of Fresh Water
2、1）人们以为淡水是取之不尽的（提示：雨水、河水、井水）2）实际上淡水是非常紧缺的（提示：人口增加，工业用水增加，污染）3）我们应该怎么办两点论例如：（CET-4,2007,1）Spring Festival Gala on CCTV1)许多人喜欢在除夕观看春节联欢晚会 2）有些人却提出取消春节联欢晚会3）我的看法,应用文（书信、通知、海报）例如：（CET-4 2007,6）Write an announcement to welcome students to join a club1.本社团是主要活动内容2.参加本社团的好处3.如何加入本社团图表作文例如：（CET-4 2002,6）,写作试
3、题(1991-1994),写作试题(1995-1998),写作试题(1999-2002),写作试题(2002-2005),写作步骤与方法,1.审题 理解题意，确定写作文体、文章主题及段落中心思想2.构思 组织思路，构想文章写作内容和表达层次3.动笔成文 将构思内容用英语正确表达出来4.检查修改 将文章通读一遍，改正明显错误注：考生往往对审题和构思不够重视，信手拈来，提笔就写，结果作文跑题，或写上一个句子就卡住。,四六级作文考生常犯错误,1、审题不清，跑题2、中式英语3、主谓不一致4、时态错误5、选词不当，词汇量小6、句式单一7、there be句型错误8、标点使用不当,中式英语1.He adv
4、ised me to do an honest man.(误)He advised me to make an honest man.(误)He advised me to be an honest man.(正)2.His body is very healthy.(误)He is very healthy.(正),3.Were difficult to finish all the work tonight.(误)It is difficult for us to finish all the work together.(正)We have difficulty finishing al
5、l the work together.(正)4.He only said a few sentences.He made us very disappointing.(误)He only made a few remarks and made us disappointed.(正),主谓不一致1.Fish and chips are getting very expensive now.Fish and chips is getting very expensive now.2.There are somebody on the phone for you.There is somebody
6、 on the phone for you.3.Both crying and laughing helps us get rid of tension.Both crying and laughing help us get rid of tension.,4.Neither John nor Bill are going to the beach today.Neither John nor Bill is going to the beach today.5.She as well as you are English teachers.She as well as you is an
7、English teacher.,时态错误切记：1.主从句时态一致2.since用法 since conj 与主句中的现在完成时态、过去完成时态或一般现在时态连用3.Its the first/third time that-clause 1)主句谓语用is/will be时，从句用现在完成时。2)主句谓语用was时，从句用过去完成时,选词不当，词汇量小不同水平的英语短文用词宽度不同。好的短文不仅用词贴切，还会有一定的用词宽度与深度。如果一篇文章中使用的大多是good,bad之类的简单词语，就表明用词宽度深度不够，很难取得较高分数。而如果较多使用有难度的词语，又很容易写错或用错。因此，对于用词
8、宽度的掌握，大家既要量力而行，又不要过于保守。注意学习背诵替换词,替换词 高频形容词：1.贫穷的：poor=needy=impoverished=poverty-stricken2.富裕的：rich=wealthy=affluent=well-to-do=well-off3.优秀的：excellent=eminent=top=outstanding4.积极的，好的：good=conducive=beneficial=advantageous5.消极的，不良的：bad=detrimental=baneful=undesirable6.明显的：obvious=apparent=evident=ma
9、nifest7.健康的:healthy=robust=sound=wholesome8.惊人的：surprising=amazing=extraordinary=miraculous9.美丽的：beautiful=attractive=gorgeous=eye-catching10.有活力的：energetic=dynamic=vigorous=animated11.流行的：popular=prevailing=prevalent=pervasive,高频动词：1.提高，加强：improve=enhance=promote=strengthen=optimize2.引起：cause=trigg
10、er=engender3.解决：solve=resolve=address=tackle=cope with=deal with4.拆除：destroy=tear down=knock down=eradicate5.培养:develop=cultivate=foster=nurture6.激发，鼓励：encourage=motivate=stimulate=spur7.认为：think=assert=hold=claim=argue8.完成：complete=fulfill=accomplish=achieve9.保留：keep=preserve=retain=hold10.有害于：dest
11、roy=impair=undermine=jeopardize11.减轻:ease=alleviate=relieve=lighten,高频名词：1.影响：influence=impact2.危险：danger=perils=hazards3.污染：pollution=contamination4.人类：human beings=mankind=humane race5.老人：old people=the old=the elderly=the aged=senior citizens6.幸福：happiness=cheerfulness=well-being7.老师：teachers=ins
12、tructors=educators=lecturers8.教育：education=schooling=family parenting=upbringing9.青少年：young people=youngsters=youths=adolescents10.优点：advantage=merits=superiority=virtue11.责任：responsibility=obligation=duty=liability12.能力：ability=capacity=power=skill13.职业：job=career=employment=profession14.娱乐：enjoyme
13、nt=pastimes=recreation=entertainment15.孩子：children=offspring=descendant=kid,高频短语：1.充满了：be filled with=be awash with=be inundate with=be saturated with2.努力：struggle for=aspire after=strive for=spare no efforts for3.从事：embark on=take up=set about=go in for4.在当代:in contemporary society=in present-day s
14、ociety=in this day and age5.大量的:a host of=a multitude of=a vast number of=a vast amount of,句式单一避错指南：为了避免因过多使用简单句而造成短文结构刻板单调的问题，考生可以有意识地把某些相邻的简单句改写成并列句；或者将其中不太重要的一句改写为从句（状语或定语从句），使之成为主从复合句；或者将某些独立句改写成短语（分词短语、不定式短语、介词短语等），使之附属于其他独立句。这样不仅可以使文章的句式丰富多样，而且内容的表达也更准确具体。,1)I found.the hairpin behind the refr
15、igerator.I lost it two months ago.Behind the refrigerator,I found the hairpin I lost two months ago.点评：原句是两个简单句，呈现一种松散的并列关系。将第二句改为定语从句，全句的结构便紧凑了起来。介词短语提到句首起强调作用。,2)Helen was driving to work on Monday and she saw a terrible accident.Driving to work on Monday,Helen saw a terrible accident.Helen was dr
16、iving to work on Monday when she saw a terrible accident.点评：原句是个并列句，结构比较松散。第一种改法是将前一个并列分句改为现在分词短语作时间状语，句子结构一下子变得简洁紧凑起来。也可以采用第二种改法，将后一个并列分句改为时间状语从句。,3)The man borrowed your ladder,but he went to Alaska.The man who borrowed your ladder went to Alaska.借你梯子用的那个人去了阿拉斯加。点评：将原句中前一个并列分句改写成定语从句，从而使句子结构合理。4)F
17、red is an old friend of mine.He likes to open beer bottle with his teeth.Fred,an old friend of mine,likes to open beer bottle with his teeth.我的老朋友弗雷德喜欢用牙打开啤酒瓶盖。点评：将第一句改为插入的同位语，从而使句子简洁。,5)The secretary is often late for work,she writes illogical reports,and she should be fired.As(Because,Since)the se
18、cretary is often late for work and she writes illogical reports,she should be fired.点评：将原句中前两个并列分句改为原因状语从句，可以更好地表达句中的因果关系。,6)I was tired from study,and I took a short break.Tired from study,I took a short break.I took a short break as I was tired from study.学习累了，我就停下来休息一会儿。点评：将原句中第一个分句改为形容词短语或状语从句，都
19、可以使句子结构有一定的变化，有助于解决句式单调乏味的问题。,即使是一个简单句，也可以通过结构的调整而使其生动、形象或重点突出。例如：7)The municipal government launched a campaign of forestation to make our city greener.To make our city greener,the municipal government launched a campaign of forestation.为了让我们的城市绿起来，市政府发起了一场植树造林运动。点评：将原句末尾的不定式短语to make our city gree
20、ner提至句首，不仅使句子结构有一些变化，也起到了强调作用。,there be句型错误There are many people think money is the root of all evil.（误）There are many people who think money is the root of all evil.（正）点评：原句把一个 there be 句型和一个“主谓宾”句型融合在了一起，使句中有 are和think 两个谓语动词，让人理不清它们之间的关系。,在there be结构中，be之后加上not或no，即变成否定句There is not much water le
21、ft.There be结构可以用于被动式，这时be就变成了助动词1.There are now published thousands and millions of books every year.,其他易犯错误,悬垂修饰语（Dangling Modifiers）所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清例如：At the age of ten,my grandfather died.这句中“at the age of ten”只点出十岁时，但没有说明“谁”十岁时按一般推理不可能是my grandfather,如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了改为：Whe
22、n I was ten,my grandfather died.例：To do well in college,good grades are essential.剖析：句中不定式短语“to do well in college”的逻辑主语不清楚改为：To do well in college,a student needs good grades.,词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等例：None can negative the importance of money.剖析：negative 是形容
23、词，误作动词。改为：None can deny the importance of money.,英语写作满分经验及技巧,1、仔细审题2、注重写好文章的框架 3、句型的多样化 4、词汇的深度与宽度5、正确使用习语5、不犯低级错误（时态、主谓一致、标点）,英语常用句子结构,1.there be结构2.否定结构3.比较结构（图表作文）4.被动结构5.强调结构6.含有it的结构7.that和what引导的从句结构,段落写作,段落总体结构图：,例如：Diligence is the key factor of success.Diligence gives every man and woman,ev
24、ery boy and girl,proper work to do.Many men have become great because of their hardship.Diligence can make a fool wise and a poor man rich.Thus,we know that diligence is important to our work and life.,根据以上图示，我们可将段落的一般结构特点归纳为以下几点：1）一个段落只有一个主题；2）主题句一般应放在句首；3）所有的发展句必须服务于段落主题句；4）如果必要，以结论句重述段落的主题。,怎样写好主
25、题句,主题句是段落的灵魂，也是考生作文留给阅卷员的第一印象，因此段落写作首先要写好主题句。主题句的写作水平通常能反映出整个文章的写作水平，一个有经验的阅卷员往往看过考生写的主题句之后便可大体确定文章的优劣。一般来说，一个好的主题句应该具备三个基本特征：主题单一，支配思想明确，言简意赅。,主题单一，支配思想明确，言简意赅练习：根据下面所给出的作文题目确定三个段落的主题，并将其写成主题句(1)Newspapers参考答案：（1）Newspapers第一段主题：报纸的功能主题句：Newspapers bring us news about current affairs.第二段主题：报纸与广播电视的
26、比较主题句：Newspapers have several advantages over radio and TV.第三段主题：报纸的发展趋势主题句：Today newspapers are not so important as they used to be.,怎样写好发展句,段落的展开方法有很多种，选择哪种方法为宜取决于写作的文体以及作者的风格。我们这里着重介绍适用于议论文、说明文和记叙文这三种文体的段落展开法，即举例法、描述法、因果法、定义法、比较法和分类法。,短文写作的直接得分手段,见附页,考前冲刺要点,写作能力的提高是平时积累和练习的结果。写作的初级阶段就是摹仿，就是套用现成的材
27、料，而不是创造，更不是生造。历次考试的实践表明，学会照搬和套用短文写作的基本词语和句式是提高考试成绩的有效手段。当然，程度较好的考生还可积累更多的类似词语和句式。,常用的英文模板,现象阐述型(1)Because of the rapid social development,_has great increaseddecreased.(2)It is generally believed that_ plays an important role in the modern society.(3)The answer to this problem involves many factors.
28、(4)First and foremost,_.(5)In addition,_.(6)Last but not least,_.(7)As far as I am concerned,_（8）To begin with,(9)secondly _.(10)Thirdly,_.(11)Only in this way can we _.(56个词),对比论述型模板一（1）When it comes to _,peoples opinions differ.（2）Many people believe that _.（3）For one thing,_.（4）For another,_.（5）S
29、ome people,however,take a different attitude.（6）They regard _.（7）In their views,_.（8）Furthermore,_.（9）As far as I am concerned,_.（10）On the one hand,_.（11）On the other hand,_.（12）Therefore,_.(44个词)填充内容：1.文章主题2.一些人的观点3.理由一4.理由二 5.另一些人反对 6.另一些人的观点 7.理由一 8.理由二 9.作者自己的观点、看法10.观点一 11.观点二 12.总结上文,对比论述型模板二
30、 When asked _,people have different opinions.Many people believe that _.On the one hand,_.On the other hand,_.All these point to the indispensability of _.However,others claim that _.As far as they are concerned,_.Moreover,_.As for me,_.Because _.（11）Whats more,_.（12）Therefore,_.(43个词)填充内容：1.文章主题2.一
31、些人的观点3.理由一4.理由二5.主题词6.另外一些人的观点 8.理由一 9.理由二9 作者自己的观点、看法10.论点一 11.论点二 12.总结全文,图表作文提示部分包括图表和文字要点提示两部分。图表的类型主要有：圆形（饼型）图（piechart）、柱形图(直型图)（graph）、曲线图（chart）和数据统计表(表格)（table）。图表作文的写作内容包括综合理解、客观详述和主观表达。模板一 总的趋势 图表具体描述 剖析图表所揭示的含义 理由一 理由二 理由三 理由四 总结 前景预测As can be seen from the table,the past decade has witn
32、essed dramatic changes in_.While _.It is obvious from the table that_.What contributed to these changes?I think the reasons are as follows.To start with,_.Secondly,_.Whats more,_.Last but not lease,_.In conclusion,_.Moreover,_.,Practice Makes Perfect.,考前大练兵1.Studying Abroad or Home（1）现在有越来越多的人想出国留学。
33、（2）出国留学与在国内学习的对比。（3）你的观点。2.The Hardships and Joys of Reading（1）有人说读书很苦（2）也有人说读书是快乐的（3）你的看法,3.A Letter to a Travel Agency 给某旅行社写一封信，反映旅游中出现的问题，并提出如何改进的建议。4.The Increase in the Number of Chinese Traveling Abroad 2004年 7 2005年 10 2006年 12（单位：百万）,Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to wr
34、ite a short essay entitled Electronic Dictionaries Are not Good.You should write at least 120 works following the outline given below.1.很多学生喜欢使用电子词典2.使用电子词典的缺点3.正确使用词典学习进步会大得多,Direction:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled A Good Major or a Good University.You sho
35、uld write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1.学生在报考大学时面临两种选择 选好专业还是好大学。有人认为应该选择好专业2.也有人认为应该选择一所好大学3.我的看法,Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Pros and Cons of Dormitory Life.You should write at least 120 works following the outlin
36、e given below:1.很多人认为学校应该要求大学生住在宿舍内，赞成理由是2.很多人认为学校不应该强制要求大学生住宿舍，理由是3.在我看来，,Directions:for this part,you are allowed 30minuttes to write a composition on the topic Marks or Abilities?You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below.1.在大学，一些学生认为学习成绩是最重要的2.在大学，一些学生认为培养
37、个人的能力是最重要的3.你的看法,Should Private Cars Be Encouraged in China?,Directions:You are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Private Cars Be Encouraged in China?You should write at least 120 words and you must base your composition on the following instructions.1.在中国，拥有私家车被看作是一种时尚。2.请你就私家车在中国的现状以及利与弊进行分析原因。3.自己的结论。,
